HonglingYi HonglingYi, Wang Gang, Feng Jie
Changchun Sci-Tech University, JiLin ChangChun 130600, China.
Afr J Reprod Health. 2024 Dec 31;28(12):88-96. doi: 10.29063/ajrh2024/v28i12.10.
This study assesses gender inequality in education and employment in BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) countries between the 2000 and 2021, using data from the World Bank database. A descriptive data analysis was carried out as well as graphical representations to compare among countries. The results showed that that female education achieved significant success, especially at secondary and tertiary levels, through specific policies including financial support and affirmative actions. Brazil and Russia maintained an increasingly higher enrollment at the secondary level of education. In contrast, China recorded very rapid growth in tertiary enrollments, reaching over 92% enrolment of females. History, poverty, and social pressures were identified as systemic barriers in the enrollment of girls to school in India and South Africa. This study indicate that even when gains are achieved on the educational front, translating them into gains in terms of equality in employment proves difficult. Secondly, the unemployment rates among females in countries such as Brazil and South Africa are higher, reflecting more significant socio-economic problems. This calls for more vigorous policy responses toward gender inequality within the labour market through labour reforms, job creation policies, and specific support to women's employment in the informal sector in the BRICS countries.
本研究利用世界银行数据库的数据，评估了2000年至2021年间金砖国家（巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南非）在教育和就业方面的性别不平等情况。进行了描述性数据分析以及图表展示以比较各国情况。结果表明，通过包括财政支持和扶持行动在内的具体政策，女性教育取得了显著成功，尤其是在中等和高等教育层面。巴西和俄罗斯在中等教育层面的入学率持续上升。相比之下，中国高等教育入学率增长迅速，女性入学率超过92%。历史、贫困和社会压力被认为是印度和南非女童入学的系统性障碍。本研究表明，即使在教育方面取得了成果，但要将其转化为就业平等方面的成果却很困难。其次，巴西和南非等国女性的失业率较高，反映出更严重的社会经济问题。这就要求金砖国家通过劳动力改革、创造就业政策以及对非正规部门女性就业的具体支持，对劳动力市场中的性别不平等问题采取更有力的政策应对措施。
