Yang Yan, Chen Wenjie, Yin Jie, Jiang Tao, Zhao Lu, Li Guoxue, Wang Guoying, Yuan Jing
Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Division of Environmental Engineering, New Energy Materials and Chemistry College, Leshan Normal University, Sichuan 614000, China.
Waste Manag. 2025 Feb 15;194:1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.01.003. Epub 2025 Jan 6.
The mycelial networks of fungi promote the interaction between the originally isolated bacteria, thereby potentially enhancing the exchange of nutrients and the horizontal transfer of genetic materials. However, the driving effect of fungi on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during mesophilic facultative composting is still unclear. This study aims to elucidate the changes in ARGs and underlying mechanisms during the mesophilic composting of manure. Results indicated that reduction rates of ARGs in sheep and pig manure over a 90-day composting period were 34.68% and 60.10%, respectively. The sul1, sul2 and tetX were identified as recalcitrant ARGs in both composting treatments, with the additional unique recalcitrant gene addA observed in sheep manure. Fungal communities appeared to have a more significant influence on the cooperation between bacteria and fungi. Massive fungi interacted intensively with bacterial hosts carrying both ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs). In sheep and pig manure, there were 53 and 38 potential bacterial hosts (genus level) carrying both ARGs and MGEs, associated close interactions with fungi. Structural equation modeling revealed that compost properties influence ARGs by affecting the abundance of core fungi and the hosts carrying MGEs, and that core fungi could also impact ARGs by influencing the bacterial hosts carrying MGEs. Core fungi have the potential to facilitate the horizontal transfer of ARGs by enhancing bacterial network interactions.
真菌的菌丝网络促进了原本孤立的细菌之间的相互作用，从而有可能增强养分交换和遗传物质的水平转移。然而，在中温兼性堆肥过程中，真菌对抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的驱动作用仍不清楚。本研究旨在阐明畜禽粪便中温堆肥过程中ARGs的变化及其潜在机制。结果表明，在90天的堆肥期内，绵羊粪便和猪粪便中ARGs的减少率分别为34.68%和60.10%。sul1、sul2和tetX被确定为两种堆肥处理中顽固的ARGs，在绵羊粪便中还观察到另外一个独特的顽固基因addA。真菌群落似乎对细菌与真菌之间的合作有更显著的影响。大量真菌与携带ARGs和移动遗传元件（MGEs）的细菌宿主进行了强烈的相互作用。在绵羊粪便和猪粪便中，分别有53个和38个潜在的细菌宿主（属水平）同时携带ARGs和MGEs，与真菌存在密切的相互作用。结构方程模型表明，堆肥性质通过影响核心真菌和携带MGEs的宿主的丰度来影响ARGs，核心真菌也可以通过影响携带MGEs的细菌宿主来影响ARGs。核心真菌有可能通过增强细菌网络相互作用来促进ARGs的水平转移。
