Wang Weiye, Wei Jian, Guo Zhuang, Bai Xiaodong, Song Yonghui
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
Molecules. 2025 Aug 26;30(17):3502. doi: 10.3390/molecules30173502.
The integration of an MFC-powered Fenton (MFC-Fenton) system into the traditional anaerobic composting process can promote excess dewatered sludge (ES) decomposition. However, the antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) profiles in ES treated by MFC-Fenton systems remain poorly understood; in addition, the effect of adding 2-bromoethane sulfonate (BES, a methane inhibitor) during ES treatment using an MFC-Fenton system on ARG levels is largely unexplored. The present work focused on investigating the effects of BES and bioelectrochemical processes on ARG and MGE abundances and unraveling the ARG attenuation mechanism. According to our findings, adding BES promoted ARG reduction in ES in an MFC-Fenton system. The average ARG levels in the MFC-Fenton samples containing high BES contents (0.4 or 0.5 g BES/g VSS) markedly declined relative to those in samples containing lower BES levels. Moreover, macrolide transporter ATP-binding protein, macrolide-efflux protein, and B levels markedly decreased as BES levels increased. BES supplementation and bioelectrochemical assistance were crucial for altering the ARG composition in the MFC-Fenton system. Changes in the microbial community composition had the greatest effect on the variation in ARG composition. Furthermore, the and levels accounted for 52.8% of the overall ARG variation. Among MGEs, plasmids, insertion sequences, and integrons showed lower levels within the sludge metagenomes. Typically, , , G, and TEM levels were positively correlated with metal resistance genes (MRGs), and their levels markedly declined following the MFC-Fenton process. Thus, the collective evidence indicates that BES synergizes with bioelectrogenesis to reduce ARG abundance.
将基于微生物燃料电池的芬顿（MFC-芬顿）系统集成到传统厌氧堆肥过程中，可以促进剩余脱水污泥（ES）的分解。然而，MFC-芬顿系统处理的ES中的抗生素抗性基因（ARG）谱仍知之甚少；此外，在使用MFC-芬顿系统处理ES期间添加2-溴乙烷磺酸盐（BES，一种甲烷抑制剂）对ARG水平的影响在很大程度上尚未得到探索。目前的工作重点是研究BES和生物电化学过程对ARG和移动遗传元件（MGE）丰度的影响，并阐明ARG衰减机制。根据我们的研究结果，添加BES促进了MFC-芬顿系统中ES中ARG的减少。相对于含有较低BES水平的样品，含有高BES含量（0.4或0.5 g BES/g挥发性悬浮固体）的MFC-芬顿样品中的平均ARG水平显著下降。此外，随着BES水平的增加，大环内酯转运ATP结合蛋白、大环内酯外排蛋白和B水平显著降低。添加BES和生物电化学辅助对于改变MFC-芬顿系统中的ARG组成至关重要。微生物群落组成的变化对ARG组成的变化影响最大。此外， 和 水平占ARG总变化的52.8%。在MGE中，质粒、插入序列和整合子在污泥宏基因组中的水平较低。通常， 、 、G和TEM水平与金属抗性基因（MRG）呈正相关，并且在MFC-芬顿过程后它们的水平显著下降。因此，综合证据表明BES与生物电产生协同作用以降低ARG丰度。
