Zou Xiaofang, Zhang Chenggui, Guo Bingyan, Cao Yu, Yang Yongshou, Xiao Peiyun, Long Xiaowen
College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University, Dali 671003, China.
Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali 671000, China.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Dec 17;14(24):3632. doi: 10.3390/ani14243632.
Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets (Diet 1-Diet 5, with Diet 1 as the control) were formulated to replace 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% of fishmeal with American cockroach residue. Juvenile (initial body weight approximately 74 g) were randomly assigned to these diets for a 10-week feeding trial. The Diet 3 group (40% replacement) showed significantly higher final body weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio compared to other groups. No significant differences were observed in crude protein, ash, and total amino acid content across the diets. Groups fed Diet 1 and Diet 2 exhibited higher intestinal trypsin, lipase, α-amylase, and hepatic trypsin activities. Serum triglyceride (TG) levels were highest in the Diet 5 group. Hepatic aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity was significantly lower in the Diet 3 and Diet 5 groups compared to Diet 1. Serum urea nitrogen levels followed a non-linear trend, initially increasing, then decreasing, and rising again with increasing fishmeal replacement. No significant differences were found in serum total protein (TP) levels among the dietary groups. Intestinal villus number, muscle layer thickness, villus height, villus width, and crypt depth remained consistent across groups. However, goblet cell numbers were significantly reduced at the 60% replacement level, which could impair intestinal barrier function. Diet 3 showed higher serum and hepatic total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity, while Diet 2 had the highest hepatic total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) activity. Hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were lowest in the Diet 2 and Diet 5 groups. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels showed an increasing trend with higher fishmeal replacement levels. In conclusion, replacing fishmeal with American cockroach residue did not adversely affect growth performance or body composition in juvenile . Substituting 20-40% of fishmeal with American cockroach residue enhanced antioxidant capacity and immune function in juvenile .
配制了五种等氮和等脂日粮（日粮1 - 日粮5，以日粮1作为对照），用美洲大蠊残渣替代0%、20%、40%、60%和80%的鱼粉。幼鱼（初始体重约74克）被随机分配到这些日粮中进行为期10周的饲养试验。与其他组相比，日粮3组（40%替代）的终末体重、增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率显著更高。各日粮间粗蛋白、灰分和总氨基酸含量未观察到显著差异。饲喂日粮1和日粮2的组肠道胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶、α -淀粉酶和肝脏胰蛋白酶活性较高。日粮5组血清甘油三酯（TG）水平最高。与日粮1相比，日粮3和日粮5组肝脏天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）活性显著较低。血清尿素氮水平呈非线性趋势，随着鱼粉替代量增加，先升高，然后降低，再升高。日粮组间血清总蛋白（TP）水平未发现显著差异。各组肠道绒毛数量、肌层厚度、绒毛高度、绒毛宽度和隐窝深度保持一致。然而，在60%替代水平时杯状细胞数量显著减少，这可能损害肠道屏障功能。日粮3的血清和肝脏总超氧化物歧化酶（T - SOD）活性较高，而日粮2的肝脏总抗氧化能力（T - AOC）活性最高。日粮2和日粮5组肝脏丙二醛（MDA）水平最低。免疫球蛋白M（IgM）水平随着鱼粉替代水平升高呈上升趋势。总之，用美洲大蠊残渣替代鱼粉对幼鱼的生长性能或身体组成没有不利影响。用美洲大蠊残渣替代20 - 40%的鱼粉可增强幼鱼的抗氧化能力和免疫功能。
