Zhang Dianguang, Zheng Yunzong, Wang Xuexi, Wang Dejuan, Luo Hongjie, Zhu Wenbo, Zhang Weini, Chen Zhengbang, Shao Jianchun
State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
Fuzhou Haima Feed Co. Ltd., Fuzhou 350311, China.
Aquac Nutr. 2023 Dec 20;2023:2733234. doi: 10.1155/2023/2733234. eCollection 2023.
Although fish steak meal (FSM) is a potentially available protein source, its efficiency as a fish meal (FM) substitute remains unclear to date. To this end, this study was carried out to determine the effects of dietary FM replaced by FSM on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, intestinal health and microflora, inflammatory response, and protein metabolism of large yellow croaker. Five isolipidic and isonitrogenous diets were formulated by substituting FM with FSM at levels of 0% (FSM0, control diet), 25% (FSM25), 50% (FSM50), 75% (FSM75), and 100% (FSM100), and were fed to juvenile large yellow croaker for 8 weeks. Compared with the control diet, the replacement of 25% dietary FM with FSM did not markedly alter the weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR). When the FM substitution level was over 25%, WG and SGR markedly reduced. The intestinal structure observation found that the FSM75 and FSM100 diets markedly decreased villus height, villus width, and muscle thickness of the anterior intestine. The FSM75 and FSM100 diets significantly decreased enzyme activities of amylase (AMS), lipase (LPS), trypsin, catalase (CAT), and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the liver of large yellow croaker. The mRNA expression levels of intestinal barrier and inflammatory response-related genes suggested that the FSM50, FSM75, and FSM100 diets significantly decreased the mRNA abundances of intestinal barrier-related genes and anti-inflammatory response-related genes, and increased the mRNA abundances of proinflammatory gene in the anterior intestine. The compositions of intestinal microflora displayed that the FSM50, FSM75, and FSM100 diets decreased relative abundances of Firmicutes phylum and increased relative abundances of Proteobacteria phylum. In addition, the results of protein expression levels showed that the phosphorylation level of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) in FSM75 and FSM100 groups were markedly reduced. In conclusion, FSM can replace up to 25% dietary FM without compromising the growth performance, intestinal health, and protein metabolism of the large yellow croaker.
尽管鱼排粉（FSM）是一种潜在可用的蛋白质来源，但其作为鱼粉（FM）替代品的效率至今仍不明确。为此，本研究旨在确定用FSM替代饲料中的FM对大黄鱼生长性能、抗氧化能力、肠道健康与微生物群落、炎症反应及蛋白质代谢的影响。通过用FSM替代FM，配制了五种等脂等氮饲料，替代水平分别为0%（FSM0，对照饲料）、25%（FSM25）、50%（FSM50）、75%（FSM75）和100%（FSM100），并投喂给大黄鱼幼鱼8周。与对照饲料相比，用FSM替代25%的饲料FM并未显著改变体重增加（WG）和特定生长率（SGR）。当FM替代水平超过25%时，WG和SGR显著降低。肠道结构观察发现，FSM75和FSM100饲料显著降低了前肠的绒毛高度、绒毛宽度和肌层厚度。FSM75和FSM100饲料显著降低了大黄鱼肝脏中淀粉酶（AMS）、脂肪酶（LPS）、胰蛋白酶、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）的酶活性以及总抗氧化能力（T-AOC），并增加了丙二醛（MDA）含量。肠道屏障和炎症反应相关基因的mRNA表达水平表明，FSM50、FSM75和FSM100饲料显著降低了前肠中肠道屏障相关基因和抗炎反应相关基因的mRNA丰度，并增加了促炎基因的mRNA丰度。肠道微生物群落组成显示，FSM50、FSM75和FSM100饲料降低了厚壁菌门的相对丰度，增加了变形菌门的相对丰度。此外，蛋白质表达水平结果表明，FSM75和FSM100组中雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）和4E结合蛋白1（4E-BP1）的磷酸化水平显著降低。总之，FSM可以替代高达25%的饲料FM，而不会影响大黄鱼的生长性能、肠道健康和蛋白质代谢。
