Dai Ping, Zhu Xiangyan, Luan Sheng, Sui Juan, Meng Xianhong, Cao Jiawang, Tan Jian, Kong Jie
State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Qingdao 266071, China.
Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China.
Biology (Basel). 2024 Dec 4;13(12):1012. doi: 10.3390/biology13121012.
Selecting shrimp strains that perform well on a plant-based diet holds promise for solving the fishmeal (FM) shortage issue, with genetic improvement of feed efficiency (FE) being a key focus. This study compared a plant-based (fishmeal-free) diet with a 25% FM diet for the Pacific whiteleg shrimp () to determine whether the FE-related traits, including residual feed intake (RFI), average daily weight gain (ADG), and daily feed intake (DFI), exhibit diet-specific genetic variations and genotype-by-diet (genotype × diet) interactions. Results showed that RFI was significantly higher under the plant-based diet treatment compared to the FM-based diet treatment (0.0049 g/d vs. -0.0045 g/d, < 0.001), while ADG was notably lower (0.043 g/d vs. 0.110 g/d, < 0.001), indicating that a plant-based diet may lead to reduced yields and impact the profitability of shrimp culture. In the case of being unable to estimate common environmental effects, the heritability estimates of RFI under the plant-based and FM-based diets were 0.743 ± 0.157 and 0.440 ± 0.125, respectively, and those of ADG and DFI ranged from 0.314 ± 0.121 to 0.947 ± 0.158. Genetic correlations between diets for RFI and DFI were 0.646 ± 0.162 and 0.549 ± 0.163, respectively, suggesting a degree of genotype × diet interactions. In contrast, the genetic correlation between diets for ADG was only 0.296 ± 0.259, indicating a strong genotype × diet interaction. These findings highlight the importance of considering selective breeding for improved feed efficiency in a plant-based diet environment.
选择在植物性饲料上表现良好的虾种有望解决鱼粉短缺问题，其中饲料效率（FE）的遗传改良是关键重点。本研究比较了太平洋白对虾（ ）的植物性（无鱼粉）饲料和含25%鱼粉的饲料，以确定与饲料效率相关的性状，包括残饵摄入量（RFI）、日均体重增加量（ADG）和日摄食量（DFI），是否表现出特定于饲料的遗传变异以及基因型与饲料（基因型×饲料）的相互作用。结果表明，与基于鱼粉的饲料处理相比，基于植物性饲料处理下的RFI显著更高（0.0049克/天对 -0.0045克/天，<0.001），而ADG显著更低（0.043克/天对0.110克/天，<0.001），这表明植物性饲料可能导致产量降低并影响对虾养殖的盈利能力。在无法估计共同环境效应的情况下，基于植物性饲料和基于鱼粉的饲料下RFI的遗传力估计值分别为0.743±0.157和0.440±0.125，ADG和DFI的遗传力估计值范围为0.314±0.121至0.947±0.158。饲料间RFI和DFI的遗传相关性分别为0.646±0.162和0.549±0.163，表明存在一定程度的基因型×饲料相互作用。相比之下，饲料间ADG的遗传相关性仅为0.296±0.259，表明存在强烈的基因型×饲料相互作用。这些发现凸显了在植物性饲料环境中考虑通过选择性育种提高饲料效率的重要性。
