Quinton Cheryl D, Kause Antti, Koskela Juha, Ritola Ossi
MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Biotechnology and Food Research, Biometrical Genetics, 31600 Jokioinen, Finland.
Genet Sel Evol. 2007 Jul-Aug;39(4):431-46. doi: 10.1186/1297-9686-39-4-431. Epub 2007 Jul 6.
The aquaculture industry is increasingly replacing fishmeal in feeds for carnivorous fish with soybean meal (SBM). This diet change presents a potential for genotype-environment (G x E) interactions. We tested whether current salmonid breeding programmes that evaluate and select within fishmeal diets also improve growth and efficiency on potential future SBM diets. A total of 1680 European whitefish from 70 families were reared with either fishmeal- or SBM-based diets in a split-family design. Individual daily gain (DG), daily feed intake (DFI) and feed efficiency (FE) were recorded. Traits displayed only weak G x E interactions as variances and heritabilities did not differ substantially between the diets, and cross-diet genetic correlations were near unity. In both diets, DFI exhibited moderate heritability and had very high genetic correlation with DG whereas FE had low heritability. Predicted genetic responses demonstrated that selection to increase DG and FE on the fishmeal diet lead to favourable responses on the SBM diet. Selection for FE based on an index including DG and DFI achieved at least double FE gain versus selection on DG alone. Therefore, current breeding programmes are improving the biological ability of salmonids to use novel plant-based diets, and aiding the aquaculture industry to reduce fishmeal use.
水产养殖业越来越多地用豆粕（SBM）替代肉食性鱼类饲料中的鱼粉。这种饮食变化带来了基因型 - 环境（G×E）相互作用的可能性。我们测试了当前在鱼粉饲料中进行评估和选择的鲑科鱼类育种计划是否也能提高未来潜在豆粕饲料的生长性能和效率。采用分家族设计，用鱼粉或豆粕为基础的饲料饲养了来自70个家系的总共1680条欧洲白鱼。记录了个体日增重（DG）、日采食量（DFI）和饲料效率（FE）。由于不同饲料间的方差和遗传力差异不大，且跨饲料的遗传相关性接近1，所以这些性状仅表现出微弱的G×E相互作用。在两种饲料中，DFI表现出中等遗传力，并且与DG具有非常高的遗传相关性，而FE的遗传力较低。预测的遗传反应表明，在鱼粉饲料上选择提高DG和FE会导致在豆粕饲料上产生有利反应。基于包含DG和DFI的指数选择FE，与仅基于DG选择相比，FE增益至少提高了一倍。因此，当前的育种计划正在提高鲑科鱼类使用新型植物性饲料的生物学能力，并有助于水产养殖业减少鱼粉的使用。
