Vásquez-Carrasco Edgar, Huenchuquen Camila, Ferrón Catalina, Hernandez-Martinez Jordan, Landim Síbila Floriano, Helbig Fabiola, Carmine Florencia, Valdés-Badilla Pablo, Sandoval Cristian, Gómez Celia Sánchez, Moruno-Miralles Pedro
School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Psychology, University of Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile.
Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno 5290000, Chile.
Healthcare (Basel). 2024 Dec 13;12(24):2521. doi: 10.3390/healthcare12242521.
This systematic review aimed to evaluate and synthesize scientific evidence on occupational therapy (OT) interventions focused on leisure activities to improve activities of daily living (ADLs) and cognitive function in middle-aged and older people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A systematic review was carried out following the guidelines established by the PRISMA statement. The study was registered in the PROSPERO database. Four databases were used for the literature search process (Scopus, Web of Science, Medline/PubMed, ScienceDirect), and selected results were assessed using standard tools for risk of bias and certainty of evidence with GRADEpro. Of 169 records identified in the databases, 7 studies with a total of 620 middle-aged and older people (44.9% female) with a mean age of 77.5 years were analyzed using the PICOS format. The meta-analysis of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) revealed no significant improvements in cognitive function ( > 0.05). Individual studies reported varied results on ADL among people with MCI, with some demonstrating significant improvements following leisure interventions, while others found no notable differences between groups ( > 0.05). OT interventions did not significantly improve MMSE of the overall cognitive function and ADL performance in middle-aged and older people with MCI. Therefore, further studies detailing the dosage of interventions are needed.
本系统评价旨在评估和综合关于职业治疗（OT）干预措施的科学证据，这些干预措施聚焦于休闲活动，以改善轻度认知障碍（MCI）的中老年人的日常生活活动（ADL）和认知功能。按照PRISMA声明制定的指南进行了系统评价。该研究已在PROSPERO数据库中注册。使用四个数据库进行文献检索过程（Scopus、科学网、Medline/PubMed、ScienceDirect），并使用GRADEpro的标准工具对选定结果进行偏倚风险和证据确定性评估。在数据库中识别出的169条记录中，使用PICOS格式分析了7项研究，共有620名中老年人（44.9%为女性），平均年龄为77.5岁。简易精神状态检查表（MMSE）的荟萃分析显示认知功能无显著改善（P>0.05）。个别研究报告了MCI患者在ADL方面的不同结果，一些研究表明休闲干预后有显著改善，而另一些研究发现两组之间无显著差异（P>0.05）。职业治疗干预措施并未显著改善MCI中老年人的整体认知功能的MMSE和ADL表现。因此，需要进一步研究详细说明干预措施的剂量。
