Unger Franziska, Eisenberg Tobias, Prenger-Berninghoff Ellen, Leidner Ursula, Semmler Torsten, Ewers Christa
Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
Hessian State Laboratory, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2024 Dec 20;13(12):1230. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13121230.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Reptiles are known reservoirs for members of the . We investigated antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns, the diversity of extended-spectrum-/AmpC-β-lactamases (ESBL/AmpC) genes and the genomic organization of the ESBL/AmpC producers.
A total of 92 shipments with 184 feces, skin, and urinate samples of live healthy reptiles were obtained during border inspections at Europe's most important airport for animal trade and screened for AMR bacteria by culture, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and whole genome sequencing (WGS) of selected isolates.
In total, 668 isolates with phenotypic evidence for extended-spectrum-/AmpC-β-lactamases (ESBL/AmpC) were obtained, from which ( = 181), ( = 131), ( = 116), ( = 69), and ( = 52) represented the most common groups (other genera ( = 119)). Seventy-nine isolates grew also on cefotaxime agar and were confirmed as ESBL ( = 39) or AmpC ( = 39) producers based on WGS data with respective genes localized on chromosomes or plasmids. Isolates of contained the most diverse set of ESBL genes ( = 29), followed by ( = 9), , and (each = 1). Contrarily, AmpC genes were detected in and ( = 13 each), followed by ( = 12) and ( = 4). Isolates of with ESBL/AmpC genes were not found, but all genera contained a variety of additional AMR phenotypes and/or genotypes. MLST revealed 36, 13, 10, and nine different STs in , , , and , respectively.
A significant fraction of the studied isolates possessed acquired AMR genes, including some high-risk clones. All isolates were obtained from selective media and also wild-caught animals carried many AMR genes. Assignment of AMR to harvesting modes was not possible.
背景/目的：爬行动物是已知的……成员的宿主。我们调查了抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）模式、超广谱/ AmpC-β-内酰胺酶（ESBL/AmpC）基因的多样性以及ESBL/AmpC产生菌的基因组结构。
在欧洲最重要的动物贸易机场的边境检查期间，共获取了92批装有184份活体健康爬行动物粪便、皮肤和尿液样本的货物，并通过培养、抗菌药物敏感性测试以及对选定分离株进行全基因组测序（WGS）来筛选AMR细菌。
总共获得了668株具有超广谱/ AmpC-β-内酰胺酶（ESBL/AmpC）表型证据的分离株，其中（=181）、（=131）、（=116）、（=69）和（=52）代表最常见的组（其他属（=119））。79株分离株在头孢噻肟琼脂上也能生长，根据WGS数据，基于染色体或质粒上的相应基因，确认其中39株为ESBL产生菌，39株为AmpC产生菌。属的分离株含有最多样化的ESBL基因集（=29），其次是（=9）、、（各=1）。相反，在和（各=13）中检测到AmpC基因，其次是（=12）和（=4）。未发现具有ESBL/AmpC基因的属的分离株，但所有属都含有多种其他AMR表型和/或基因型。多位点序列分型（MLST）分别在、、、中揭示了36、13、10和9种不同的序列型（ST）。
相当一部分研究的分离株拥有获得性AMR基因，包括一些高风险克隆。所有分离株均从选择性培养基中获得，而且野生捕获的动物也携带许多AMR基因。无法将AMR与捕获方式进行关联。
