School of Veterinary Medicine- CAVM, University of Rwanda, Nyagatare, Rwanda.
Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
BMC Vet Res. 2024 Nov 19;20(1):523. doi: 10.1186/s12917-024-04359-3.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Enterobacterales constitutes a significant threat to the health of both humans and animals and a socioeconomic problem. Enterobacterales, mainly Escherichia coli, carrying β-lactamases has become one of the main indicators to estimate the burden of AMR in animals within "One Health" approach.
To assess the presence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales associated with ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats) habituated in all five provinces of Rwanda and to perform in depth characterization of isolates.
We screened 454 rectal swabs from 203 cows, 170 goats, and 81 sheep and selective isolation of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales was conducted. Isolates were identified as a members of the order Enterobacterales by MALDI-TOF MS and further characterized by susceptibility testing and by whole-genome sequencing.
Out of the 454 samples, 64 extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales were isolated from 58 animals. Isolates belonged to seven bacterial species and were identified as Escherichia coli (n = 54), Enterobacter bugandensis (n = 4), Enterobacter mori (n = 2), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 2), Enterobacter dykesii (n = 1), and Citrobacter freundii (n = 1). All isolates displayed an Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) phenotype, with exception of Citrobacter freundii isolate displayed both an ESBL and AmpC phenotype. In addition, all Enterobacter isolates were identified as stably de-repressed AmpC-producers. ESBLs genes, bla was predominant. Resistance to tetracycline and tet(A) was most frequently observed among non-β-lactam resistance. Forty-eight isolates displayed multidrug-resistance phenotypes. A shiga toxin-producing E. coli and an enterotoxigenic E. coli isolate were observed. Genome comparisons revealed thirty-five E. coli sequence types (ST) (ST10, ST307 being predominate).
Considering the high proximity between ruminants and humans in Rwanda, the dissemination of antimicrobial drug resistance highlights the public health threats and requires the joint and multisectoral action of human and veterinary medicine, at human-animal-environment interfaces. Therefore, it is important to establish national and global "One Health" surveillance programs of AMR to tackle the antibiotic-resistant crisis in human and veterinary medicine.
肠杆菌科的抗生素耐药性（AMR）对人类和动物的健康构成了重大威胁，也是一个社会经济问题。携带β-内酰胺酶的肠杆菌科，主要是大肠杆菌，已成为“同一健康”方法中估计动物中 AMR 负担的主要指标之一。
评估在卢旺达五个省的所有动物（牛、绵羊、山羊）中存在的与反刍动物相关的耐扩展谱头孢菌素的肠杆菌科，并对分离株进行深入表征。
我们从 203 头牛、170 只山羊和 81 只绵羊中筛选了 454 个直肠拭子，并进行了耐扩展谱头孢菌素的肠杆菌科的选择性分离。通过 MALDI-TOF MS 将分离物鉴定为肠杆菌目成员，并通过药敏试验和全基因组测序进一步进行鉴定。
在 454 个样本中，从 58 只动物中分离出 64 株耐扩展谱头孢菌素的肠杆菌科。分离物属于七个细菌种，鉴定为大肠杆菌（n=54）、阴沟肠杆菌（n=4）、摩氏摩根菌（n=2）、肺炎克雷伯菌（n=2）、戴克肠杆菌（n=1）和弗氏柠檬酸杆菌（n=1）。所有分离物均表现出扩展谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）表型，除弗氏柠檬酸杆菌分离物外，还表现出 ESBL 和 AmpC 表型。此外，所有肠杆菌分离物均被鉴定为稳定去阻遏的 AmpC 生产者。ESBL 基因 bla 最为常见。非β-内酰胺类耐药中，最常观察到对四环素和 tet(A)的耐药性。48 株分离物表现出多药耐药表型。观察到一株产志贺毒素的大肠杆菌和一株肠毒素性大肠杆菌分离物。基因组比较显示 35 种大肠杆菌序列型（ST）（ST10、ST307 为主导）。
考虑到卢旺达反刍动物与人之间的高度接近，抗药性的传播凸显了公共卫生威胁，需要人类医学和兽医学在人类-动物-环境界面上联合采取多部门行动。因此，建立国家和全球“同一健康”抗生素耐药性监测计划以应对人类和兽医医学中的抗生素耐药性危机非常重要。
