Mackowiak J, Eckel F M
Am J Hosp Pharm. 1985 Feb;42(2):297-303.
This article is the first of a three-part series on career management for hospital pharmacists. Work attitudes, life cycles, needs, and career trends are discussed. Three basic work attitudes exist. Some see work as punishment. Others believe work in itself is good, i.e., they have a strong work ethic. Some view work as a means to satisfy, at least partially, a range of needs. Attitudinal transition points are likely to occur at specific times in the adult life cycle. The stages of the life cycle can be labeled as leaving, reaching out, questioning, midlife crisis, settling down, and mellowing. A progression through each of these stages is required for normal adult psychological development. Every individual exhibits a blend of needs that changes throughout life. Jobs can fulfill existence, relatedness, and growth needs. Relatedness needs include the need for love, affiliation, social esteem, and power, and growth needs include the need for self-esteem, competence, achievement, and autonomy. Three important career trends are the changing opportunities for advancement, women in careers, and dual-career couples. The number of women pharmacists is increasing as is the number of two-career couples. Tips for managing two-career relationships are presented. Pharmacists can manage their careers more effectively by understanding their needs, identifying their basic attitude toward work, and being aware of the trends occurring in pharmacy.
本文是关于医院药剂师职业管理的系列文章的第一篇，共分三部分。文章讨论了工作态度、生命周期、需求和职业趋势。存在三种基本的工作态度。有些人将工作视为惩罚。另一些人则认为工作本身是好的，即他们有强烈的职业道德。还有一些人将工作视为至少部分满足一系列需求的手段。态度转变点可能会在成年生命周期的特定时间出现。生命周期的阶段可以标记为离开、拓展、质疑、中年危机、安定下来和成熟。正常的成人心理发展需要经历这些阶段。每个人都表现出一系列不断变化的需求。工作可以满足生存、人际关系和成长需求。人际关系需求包括对爱、归属感、社会尊重和权力的需求，成长需求包括对自尊、能力、成就和自主性的需求。三个重要的职业趋势是晋升机会的变化、职业女性以及双职工夫妇。女药剂师的数量以及双职工夫妇的数量都在增加。文章还给出了管理双职工关系的建议。药剂师通过了解自己的需求、确定自己对工作的基本态度以及意识到药学领域正在发生的趋势，可以更有效地管理自己的职业生涯。
