Zhang Fan, Ding Yongmei, Zhang Zipei, Zhu Hangxin, Jiao Han, Dong Shijian, Li Junhua, Gu Luping, Chang Cuihua, Yang Yanjun, Su Yujie
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
Food Science Program, Division of Food, Nutrition & Exercise Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
Foods. 2024 Dec 10;13(24):3990. doi: 10.3390/foods13243990.
Due to imbalanced demand favoring egg whites, the egg industry faces a surplus of egg yolk, limiting overall growth. This study designed a feasible process for the crude extraction of livetins and phosvitin (PV) and revealed the related separation mechanisms. Our method utilized a 1:9 egg yolk dilution at pH 6.15-6.29, incubated at 4-7.5 °C, to reduce the dispersibility of lipoproteins in the water-soluble fraction (WSF). Adding 0.04-0.05% (/) sodium alginate to WSF at pH 5.40 effectively removed suspended low-density lipoprotein (LDL) through electrostatic complexation, increasing livetins electrophoretic bands from 51.90% to 91.04%. The dispersion of the high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-PV complex was jointly affected by NaCl and pH, with phosphocalcic bridges fully disrupted when NaCl concentration exceeded 7.5% (/). Na and Ca were adsorbed onto the negatively charged protein surface at pH 5-8, inducing strong hydration repulsion, thereby resulting in the individual dispersion of HDL and PV. Based on the solubility difference in low ionic strength solutions at neutral pH, HDL could be effectively removed after dialysis, increasing PV electrophoretic bands from 8.45% to 61.50%. This simple and feasible separation process may provide a reliable foundation for further purification via membrane filtration and chromatography.
由于需求偏向蛋清导致供需失衡，蛋品行业面临蛋黄过剩的问题，限制了整体增长。本研究设计了一种可行的卵黄磷蛋白和卵黄高磷蛋白（PV）粗提取工艺，并揭示了相关的分离机制。我们的方法是在pH 6.15 - 6.29条件下将蛋黄以1:9稀释，在4 - 7.5°C下孵育，以降低脂蛋白在水溶性部分（WSF）中的分散性。在pH 5.40时向WSF中添加0.04 - 0.05%（/）的海藻酸钠，通过静电络合有效地去除悬浮的低密度脂蛋白（LDL），使卵黄磷蛋白电泳条带从51.90%增加到91.04%。高密度脂蛋白（HDL）-PV复合物的分散受到NaCl和pH的共同影响，当NaCl浓度超过7.5%（/）时，磷酸钙桥完全被破坏。在pH 5 - 8时，Na和Ca吸附在带负电荷的蛋白质表面，诱导强烈的水合排斥作用，从而导致HDL和PV的单独分散。基于中性pH下低离子强度溶液中的溶解度差异，透析后可有效去除HDL，使PV电泳条带从8.45%增加到61.50%。这种简单可行的分离工艺可为通过膜过滤和色谱法进一步纯化提供可靠的基础。
