Jocić Ana, Marić Slađana, Tekić Danijela, Mušović Jasmina, Milićević Jelena, Živković Sanja, Dimitrijević Aleksandra
Department of Physical Chemistry, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia.
Department for Bioinformatics and Computational Chemistry, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia.
Foods. 2024 Dec 18;13(24):4106. doi: 10.3390/foods13244106.
Pesticides used in agriculture can contaminate foods like fruits and vegetables, posing health risks to consumers and highlighting the need for effective residue monitoring. This study explores aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) comprising phosphonium or ammonium ionic liquids (ILs) combined with ammonium sulfate as an alternative pre-treatment method for extracting and concentrating the pesticides clomazone, pyraclostrobin, and deltamethrin from strawberry samples. Liquid-liquid equilibrium measurements for each ATPS were conducted, followed by extraction experiments to determine the most efficient systems for pesticide extraction. Results showed that all three pesticides migrated effectively to the IL-rich phase across the tested ATPSs. For the most promising system, tetrabutylphosphonium salicylate ([TBP][Sal]) with ammonium sulfate, extraction efficiencies for each pesticide exceeded 98% under optimized conditions for parameters such as pH, temperature, and ATPS composition. Application of this ATPS to strawberries resulted in significant pesticide preconcentration, reaching mg/L levels suitable for detection by liquid chromatography. The method's sustainability was supported by green chemistry metrics, with AGREEprep and AGREE scores of 0.68 and 0.55, respectively, underscoring its alignment with eco-friendly practices.
农业中使用的农药会污染水果和蔬菜等食物，给消费者带来健康风险，并凸显了有效残留监测的必要性。本研究探索了由鏻盐或铵盐离子液体（ILs）与硫酸铵组成的双水相体系（ATPSs），作为从草莓样品中提取和浓缩农药异恶草酮、吡唑醚菌酯和溴氰菊酯的替代预处理方法。对每个ATPS进行了液-液平衡测量，随后进行提取实验以确定最有效的农药提取体系。结果表明，在测试的ATPSs中，所有三种农药都有效地迁移到了富含IL的相中。对于最有前景的体系，即水杨酸四丁基鏻（[TBP][Sal]）与硫酸铵，在pH、温度和ATPS组成等参数的优化条件下，每种农药的提取效率均超过98%。将该ATPS应用于草莓可实现显著的农药预浓缩，达到适合液相色谱检测的mg/L水平。绿色化学指标支持了该方法的可持续性，AGREEprep和AGREE分数分别为0.68和0.55，强调了其与环保实践的一致性。
