Süer Mickler Hande, Erkan Murat Mert
Graduate School of Health Sciences, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey.
Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2024 Dec 17;14(24):2841. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics14242841.
Somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) are expressed in most neuroendocrine neoplasms, particularly in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours, and have been utilised as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. The radioiodinated somatostatin analogue 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid- Tyr3-octreotate (DOTATATE) has been employed for SSTR targeting for either diagnostic or therapeutic purposes depending on the labelling with Gallium or Lutetium, respectively. SSTR expression is reported in a subset of breast adenocarcinoma and breast neuroendocrine carcinomas; however, minimal knowledge exists regarding their expression in fibroepithelial (biphasic) breast lesions such as fibroadenoma and phyllodes tumours. Aggressive ends of the spectrum, i.e., "cystosarcoma phyllodes", may present a management challenge with recurrences and metastases, and SSTRs could be a promising therapeutic target for these types of tumours.
Gene and protein expressions of SSTRs in primary human fibroepithelial lesions of the breast are investigated using RT-PCR and immunoblotting. Localisation of the SSTR-positive cells was determined with immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence.
Both fibroadenoma and phyllodes tumours express SSTRs. Immunohistochemical analyses suggested that this expression is in the stromal, not epithelial, component by demonstrating that SSTR stained in the areas overlapping with α-smooth muscle actin-positive myoepithelial cells around blood vessels and capillary structures. This study is the first in the literature to demonstrate SSTR positivity in mammary fibroepithelial neoplasms. Once validated, these findings may also have significant implications for managing the treatment of these tumours.
生长抑素受体（SSTRs）在大多数神经内分泌肿瘤中表达，尤其是在胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤中，并已被用作诊断标志物和治疗靶点。放射性碘化生长抑素类似物1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7,10-四乙酸-Tyr3-奥曲肽（DOTATATE）已被用于SSTR靶向，根据分别用镓或镥标记，可用于诊断或治疗目的。据报道，在一部分乳腺腺癌和乳腺神经内分泌癌中存在SSTR表达；然而，关于它们在纤维上皮性（双相性）乳腺病变如纤维腺瘤和叶状肿瘤中的表达，了解甚少。谱系中侵袭性较强的一端，即“叶状囊肉瘤”，可能在复发和转移方面带来治疗挑战，而SSTRs可能是这类肿瘤有前景的治疗靶点。
采用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）和免疫印迹法研究人原发性乳腺纤维上皮性病变中SSTRs的基因和蛋白表达。通过免疫组织化学和免疫荧光确定SSTR阳性细胞的定位。
纤维腺瘤和叶状肿瘤均表达SSTRs。免疫组织化学分析表明，这种表达存在于间质成分而非上皮成分中，通过显示SSTR在与血管和毛细血管结构周围α-平滑肌肌动蛋白阳性肌上皮细胞重叠的区域染色得以证实。本研究是文献中首次证明乳腺纤维上皮性肿瘤中SSTR阳性。一旦得到验证，这些发现可能对这些肿瘤的治疗管理也具有重要意义。
