Franceschi Angela, De Luca Lisa, Nocentini Annalaura, Menesini Ersilia
Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures and Psychology, University of Florence, Via di San Salvi, 12, Complesso di San Salvi Padiglione 26, 50135 Florence, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024 Nov 25;21(12):1555. doi: 10.3390/ijerph21121555.
The daily and massive use of the Internet and social media by adolescents has led to increased interest and attention to prevalence rates, risk factors, and potential consequences of different forms of online victimization. This study aims to examine the possible associations between cybervictimization and online sexual harassment among 697 Italian adolescents (M = 15.17; SD = 0.68; 42.3% female), understanding the contribution of individual and school risk factors.
A short longitudinal design was used to test a path model where emotional/behavioral problems and school climate predicted cybervictimization and online sexual harassment, controlling for their co-occurrence.
The results show similar prevalence among the two phenomena with a consistent reciprocal association (s = 0.426**). Regarding predictors, cybervictimization at Wave 5 is predicted by the problematic peer relationships with peers (β = 0.164*, SE = 0.068) and lack of school cohesion (β = -0.189*, SE = 0.086) assessed at Wave 4. In contrast, online sexual harassment at Wave 5 is predicted by the presence of emotional symptoms (β = 0.248***, SE = 0.077) and the absence of social norms (β = -0.254**, SE = 0.085) measured at Wave 4.
Online sexual harassment and cybervictimization are related phenomena with a co-occurrence of around 22%; being a victim of cybervictimization is positively associated with being a victim of OSH-P. However, risk factors are different: cybervictimization is more easily explained by social and contextual factors, while online sexual harassment is explained by individual factors.
青少年每天大量使用互联网和社交媒体，这使得人们对不同形式网络受害行为的发生率、风险因素和潜在后果的兴趣和关注度不断提高。本研究旨在调查697名意大利青少年（平均年龄M=15.17岁；标准差SD=0.68；女性占42.3%）网络受害行为与在线性骚扰之间的可能关联，并了解个人和学校风险因素的作用。
采用短期纵向设计来测试一个路径模型，其中情绪/行为问题和学校氛围预测网络受害行为和在线性骚扰，并控制它们的同时发生情况。
结果显示这两种现象的发生率相似，且存在一致的相互关联（s=0.426**）。关于预测因素，第5波的网络受害行为可由第4波评估的与同伴的不良同伴关系（β=0.164*，标准误SE=0.068）和缺乏学校凝聚力（β=-0.189*，标准误SE=0.086）预测。相比之下，第5波的在线性骚扰可由第4波测量的情绪症状（β=0.248***，标准误SE=0.077）和缺乏社会规范（β=-0.254**，标准误SE=0.085）预测。
在线性骚扰和网络受害行为是相关现象，同时发生率约为22%；成为网络受害行为的受害者与成为在线性骚扰-被动型受害者呈正相关。然而，风险因素不同：网络受害行为更容易由社会和背景因素解释，而在线性骚扰则由个人因素解释。
