Shah Siddharth, Nag Aiswarya, Sachithanandam Sirpi Vivekanandam, Lucke-Wold Brandon
Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
Biomedicines. 2024 Nov 22;12(12):2664. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12122664.
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a WHO grade 4 glioma, is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor, characterized by rapid progression and poor prognosis. The heterogeneity of GBM complicates diagnosis and treatment, driving research into molecular biomarkers that can offer insights into tumor behavior and guide personalized therapies. This review explores recent advances in molecular biomarkers, highlighting their potential to improve diagnosis and treatment outcomes in GBM patients. Key biomarkers such as MGMT promoter methylation, IDH1/2 mutations, EGFR amplification, and TERT promoter mutations, etc., are examined for their roles in prognosis, therapeutic response, and tumor classification. While molecular biomarkers offer valuable insights for tailoring GBM treatments, their clinical application is hindered by tumor heterogeneity, dynamic genetic evolution, and the lack of standardized testing methods. Future research should aim to confirm new biomarkers and incorporate them into regular clinical practice to improve prognosis and treatment choices. Advances in genomic and proteomic technologies, along with consistent biomarker detection, could transform GBM care and enhance patient outcomes.
多形性胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）是一种世界卫生组织4级神经胶质瘤，是最常见且侵袭性最强的原发性脑肿瘤，其特点是进展迅速且预后不良。GBM的异质性使诊断和治疗变得复杂，推动了对分子生物标志物的研究，这些标志物可以深入了解肿瘤行为并指导个性化治疗。本综述探讨了分子生物标志物的最新进展，强调了它们改善GBM患者诊断和治疗结果的潜力。研究了关键生物标志物，如MGMT启动子甲基化、IDH1/2突变、EGFR扩增和TERT启动子突变等在预后、治疗反应和肿瘤分类中的作用。虽然分子生物标志物为定制GBM治疗提供了有价值的见解，但其临床应用受到肿瘤异质性、动态基因进化以及缺乏标准化检测方法的阻碍。未来的研究应致力于确认新的生物标志物，并将其纳入常规临床实践，以改善预后和治疗选择。基因组和蛋白质组技术的进步，以及一致的生物标志物检测，可能会改变GBM的治疗并改善患者预后。
