Dulai Ajay S, Min Mildred, Sivamani Raja K
Integrative Research Institute, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA.
Integrative Skin Science and Research, Sacramento, CA 95815, USA.
Biomedicines. 2024 Nov 27;12(12):2719. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12122719.
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been increasing in prevalence, causing complications and strain on our healthcare systems. Notably, gut dysbiosis is implicated as a contributing factor in obesity, T2DM, and chronic inflammatory diseases. A pharmacology exists which modulates the incretin pathway to improve glucose control; this has proven to be beneficial in patients with obesity and T2DM. However, it is unclear how the gut microbiome may regulate insulin resistance, glucose control, and metabolic health. In this narrative review, we aim to discuss how the gut microbiome can modulate incretin pathways and related mechanisms to control glucose. To investigate this, Google Scholar and PubMed databases were searched using key terms and phrases related to the microbiome and its effects on insulin and glucose control. Emerging research has shown that several bacteria, such as and MN-Gup, have GLP-1-agonistic properties capable of reducing hyperglycemia. While more human research is needed to prove clinical benefit and identify long-term implications on health, the usage of pre-, pro-, and postbiotics has the potential to improve glucose control.
肥胖症和2型糖尿病（T2DM）的患病率一直在上升，给我们的医疗系统带来了并发症和压力。值得注意的是，肠道菌群失调被认为是肥胖症、T2DM和慢性炎症性疾病的一个促成因素。有一种药理学方法可以调节肠促胰岛素途径以改善血糖控制；这已被证明对肥胖症和T2DM患者有益。然而，尚不清楚肠道微生物群如何调节胰岛素抵抗、血糖控制和代谢健康。在这篇叙述性综述中，我们旨在讨论肠道微生物群如何调节肠促胰岛素途径及相关机制以控制血糖。为了对此进行研究，我们使用了与微生物群及其对胰岛素和血糖控制的影响相关的关键词和短语在谷歌学术和PubMed数据库中进行了检索。新出现的研究表明，几种细菌，如 和MN-Gup，具有能够降低高血糖的胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）激动特性。虽然需要更多的人体研究来证明临床益处并确定对健康的长期影响，但使用益生元、益生菌和合生元有可能改善血糖控制。
