Antony Mc Anto, Chowdhury Aniqa, Edem Dinesh, Raj Rishi, Nain Priyanshu, Joglekar Mansi, Verma Vipin, Kant Ravi
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medical University of South Carolina/AnMed Campus, Anderson, SC 29621, United States.
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AK 72205, United States.
World J Diabetes. 2023 Oct 15;14(10):1502-1513. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i10.1502.
The gut microbiome is defined as an ecological community of commensal symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms that exist in our body. Gut microbiome dysbiosis is a condition of dysregulated and disrupted intestinal bacterial homeostasis, and recent evidence has shown that dysbiosis is related to chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and obesity. It is well known that obesity, T2DM and CVD are caused or worsened by multiple factors like genetic predisposition, environmental factors, unhealthy high calorie diets, and sedentary lifestyle. However, recent evidence from human and mouse models suggest that the gut microbiome is also an active player in the modulation of metabolic syndrome, a set of risk factors including obesity, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia that increase the risk for CVD, T2DM, and other diseases. Current research aims to identify treatments to increase the number of beneficial microbiota in the gut microbiome in order to modulate metabolic syndrome by reducing chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. There is increasing interest in supplements, classified as prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, or postbiotics, and their effect on the gut microbiome and metabolic syndrome. In this review article, we have summarized current research on these supplements that are available to improve the abundance of beneficial gut microbiota and to reduce the harmful ones in patients with metabolic syndrome.
肠道微生物群被定义为存在于我们体内的共生、共生和致病微生物的生态群落。肠道微生物群失调是一种肠道细菌稳态失调和破坏的状态，最近的证据表明，失调与慢性炎症、胰岛素抵抗、心血管疾病（CVD）、2型糖尿病（T2DM）和肥胖有关。众所周知，肥胖、T2DM和CVD是由多种因素引起或加重的，如遗传易感性、环境因素、不健康的高热量饮食和久坐不动的生活方式。然而，最近来自人类和小鼠模型的证据表明，肠道微生物群也是代谢综合征调节中的一个活跃因素，代谢综合征是一组包括肥胖、高血糖和血脂异常的风险因素，会增加患CVD、T2DM和其他疾病的风险。目前的研究旨在确定增加肠道微生物群中有益微生物数量的治疗方法，以便通过减少慢性炎症和胰岛素抵抗来调节代谢综合征。人们对分类为益生元、益生菌、合生元或后生元的补充剂及其对肠道微生物群和代谢综合征的影响越来越感兴趣。在这篇综述文章中，我们总结了目前关于这些补充剂的研究，这些补充剂可用于提高代谢综合征患者有益肠道微生物群的丰度并减少有害微生物群。
