Bi Jing, Yu Bo, Zheng Guotong, Yan Yangyan, Zhang Yang, Lin Xiaoyan, Han Yiyuan, Song Chao
Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310051, China.
Children (Basel). 2024 Nov 26;11(12):1428. doi: 10.3390/children11121428.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children is prevalent worldwide and affects their physiological, psychological, and cognitive functions. However, the research on OSA's impact on children's cognitive function remains inconclusive. This study aims to analyze the cognitive levels and influencing factors in children with OSA in a single-center study in China.
We selected 110 children with OSA who visited the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery at the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from March 2023 to April 2024. Cognitive function was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV), and data on the OAHI, BMI, lowest blood oxygen saturation, and tonsillar hypertrophy were collected. A correlation analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics 26.0.
The mean WISC-IV score of the children with OSA was 102.32, within the normal range. Gender and tonsillar grade had no significant effect on the cognitive levels. The BMI scores were significantly negatively correlated with verbal comprehension. The OAHI was weakly negatively correlated with perceptual reasoning but not with other cognitive dimensions.
OSA may negatively affect specific cognitive domains in children, particularly perceptual reasoning and working memory. The BMI is a crucial factor influencing cognitive function in children with OSA. Future research should increase the sample size, include more variables, and conduct long-term follow-ups to comprehensively evaluate the influencing factors of OSA on children's cognitive function.
儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）在全球范围内普遍存在，会影响其生理、心理和认知功能。然而，关于OSA对儿童认知功能影响的研究尚无定论。本研究旨在通过在中国的一项单中心研究分析OSA患儿的认知水平及其影响因素。
我们选取了2023年3月至2024年4月期间在浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科就诊的110例OSA患儿。使用韦氏儿童智力量表第四版（WISC-IV）评估认知功能，并收集阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数（OAHI）、体重指数（BMI）、最低血氧饱和度和扁桃体肥大的数据。使用SPSS Statistics 26.0进行相关性分析。
OSA患儿的WISC-IV平均得分为102.32，处于正常范围内。性别和扁桃体分级对认知水平无显著影响。BMI得分与言语理解显著负相关。OAHI与知觉推理呈弱负相关，但与其他认知维度无关。
OSA可能对儿童的特定认知领域产生负面影响，尤其是知觉推理和工作记忆。BMI是影响OSA患儿认知功能的关键因素。未来的研究应增加样本量，纳入更多变量，并进行长期随访，以全面评估OSA对儿童认知功能的影响因素。
