Sánchez-Sabando Cristhian Fernando, Sánchez-Urdaneta Adriana Beatriz, Sánchez-Mora Fernando David, Loor-Escobar Gary Eduardo, Olivares Barlin O
Postgraduate Studies Faculty, Technical University of Manabí, Portoviejo 130105, Ecuador.
Sustainable Agriculture and Bioenergy Group, Research Division, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Health Sciences, Technical University of Manabí, Portoviejo 130105, Ecuador.
Life (Basel). 2024 Dec 4;14(12):1601. doi: 10.3390/life14121601.
Rice ( L.) is a crucial crop for employment and agricultural output and heavily reliant on family labor. This study evaluated the effects of nitrogen levels (80, 120, and 160 kg·ha) on weed incidence and key agronomic variables, including vegetative growth, yield, and related traits, in Ecuador's primary rice-growing regions, Guayas and Los Ríos. A split-plot randomized complete block design was implemented using two rice varieties (INIAP-FL-Elite and SFL-11) and three planting densities (20 × 30, 25 × 30, and 30 × 30 cm). Weed incidence was higher in Los Ríos, dominated by grasses (55.28%), while Cyperaceae (46.27%) prevailed in Guayas. The data analysis included non-parametric tests to identify significant treatment effects, debiased sparse partial correlations (DSPCs) to reveal key agronomic interactions, and principal component analysis (PCA) to identify influential traits, ensuring robust and normalized interpretations. Analysis of variance indicated significant effects for all variables, with vegetative growth (VG) most affected ( < 0.001). The number of panicles (NP) and days to flowering (DF) showed significant though less pronounced effects, while the panicle length (LP) and 1000-seed weight (TSB) exhibited moderate responses. The DSPCs highlighted the grains per panicle (GP) and total biomass (SB) as critical variables, with significant correlations between the days to flowering and the tiller count at 55 days (r = 0.750, < 0.001) and between the vegetative growth and the total biomass (r = 0.678, < 0.001). PCA explained 58.8% of the total variance, emphasizing the days to flowering, plant height, total biomass, and yield as the most influential traits. These findings underline the importance of integrated nutrient and weed management strategies tailored to Ecuador's agroecological conditions.
水稻（Oryza sativa L.）是就业和农业产出的关键作物，严重依赖家庭劳动力。本研究评估了氮水平（80、120和160千克·公顷）对厄瓜多尔主要水稻种植区瓜亚斯省和洛斯里奥斯省杂草发生率以及关键农艺变量的影响，这些变量包括营养生长、产量及相关性状。采用裂区随机完全区组设计，使用两个水稻品种（INIAP-FL-Elite和SFL-11）以及三种种植密度（20×30、25×30和30×30厘米）。洛斯里奥斯省的杂草发生率较高，以禾本科杂草为主（55.28%），而瓜亚斯省莎草科杂草占优势（46.27%）。数据分析包括用于确定显著处理效应的非参数检验、用于揭示关键农艺相互作用的去偏稀疏偏相关（DSPC）以及用于识别有影响性状的主成分分析（PCA），以确保解释的稳健性和归一化。方差分析表明所有变量均有显著影响，其中营养生长（VG）受影响最大（P<0.001）。穗数（NP）和开花天数（DF）有显著影响但不太明显，而穗长（LP）和千粒重（TSB）表现出中等响应。DSPC突出了每穗粒数（GP）和总生物量（SB）作为关键变量，开花天数与55天时的分蘖数之间存在显著相关性（r = 0.750，P<0.001），营养生长与总生物量之间也存在显著相关性（r = 0.678，P<0.001）。PCA解释了总方差的58.8%，强调开花天数、株高、总生物量和产量是最具影响力的性状。这些发现强调了根据厄瓜多尔农业生态条件制定综合养分和杂草管理策略的重要性。
