Ong Zhi Xian, Ler Ashlynn Ai Li, Shen Liang, Kofidis Theo, Ti Lian-Kah, Sazzad Faizus
Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
J Clin Med. 2024 Dec 10;13(24):7503. doi: 10.3390/jcm13247503.
: Two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiographic imaging are commonly used in assessing ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) and degenerative mitral regurgitation (DMR) in patients with mitral valve disease. However, the use of 4D echocardiographic imaging has not yet been reported. The objectives of this study were to explore the efficacy of utilizing 4D echocardiographic variables, determine papillary muscle displacement in patients with either IMR or DMR, and compare the differences in papillary muscle displacement between groups. : Thirty-four patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (with IMR) and Group 2 (with DMR). Using clinical ultrasound software, 4D echocardiographic variables were obtained and compared between the groups. Pearson's product-moment correlation test was used to assess the relationship between the presence of IMR and both papillary muscle displacement and indexed papillary muscle displacement. : The mean values for papillary muscle displacement in Groups 1 and 2 were 38 ± 6.7 mm and 31.8 ± 6.1 mm, respectively. Indexed papillary muscle displacement was 22.8 ± 3.7 mm in Group 1 and 18.4 ± 3.5 mm in Group 2. There were statistically significant correlations between the presence of IMR and papillary muscle displacement ( = 0.009) and indexed papillary muscle displacement ( = 0.002). A significant correlation was also observed between IMR and PL ( = 0.001), with mean values of 15.7 ± 3.9 mm in Group 1 and 20.2 ± 5.6 mm in Group 2. : Four-dimensional echocardiography is effective in evaluating morphological variations in IMR. It successfully determined papillary muscle displacement in patients undergoing mitral valve surgery and demonstrated a positive correlation between IMR and indexed papillary muscle displacement.
二维和三维超声心动图成像常用于评估二尖瓣疾病患者的缺血性二尖瓣反流（IMR）和退行性二尖瓣反流（DMR）。然而，四维超声心动图成像的应用尚未见报道。本研究的目的是探讨利用四维超声心动图变量的有效性，确定IMR或DMR患者的乳头肌移位，并比较各组之间乳头肌移位的差异。：34例患者分为两组：第1组（IMR组）和第2组（DMR组）。使用临床超声软件，获取两组的四维超声心动图变量并进行比较。采用Pearson积矩相关检验评估IMR的存在与乳头肌移位和指数化乳头肌移位之间的关系。：第1组和第2组乳头肌移位的平均值分别为38±6.7mm和31.8±6.1mm。第1组指数化乳头肌移位为22.8±3.7mm，第2组为18.4±3.5mm。IMR的存在与乳头肌移位（=0.009）和指数化乳头肌移位（=0.002）之间存在统计学显著相关性。IMR与PL之间也观察到显著相关性（=0.001），第1组平均值为15.7±3.9mm，第2组为20.2±5.6mm。：四维超声心动图在评估IMR的形态学变化方面是有效的。它成功地确定了二尖瓣手术患者的乳头肌移位，并证明IMR与指数化乳头肌移位之间存在正相关。
