Bielecka-Dabrowa Agata, Kapusta Joanna, Sakowicz Agata, Banach Maciej, Jankowski Piotr, Chudzik Michał
Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland.
Department of Cardiology and Congenital Diseases of Adults, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), 93-338 Lodz, Poland.
J Clin Med. 2024 Dec 22;13(24):7829. doi: 10.3390/jcm13247829.
Female sex is one of the Long COVID (LC) risk factors; however, the LC predictors in females have not been established. This study was conducted to assess the influence of LC on the cardiovascular system and to assess the age-independent predictors of LC in females. : Patient information and the course of the disease with symptoms were collected in women at least 12 weeks after COVID-19 recovery. The study participants were followed for 12 months. ECG monitoring, 24 h ECG monitoring, 24 h blood pressure monitoring, echocardiography, and biochemical tests were performed. : We studied 1946 consecutive female patients (age 53.0 [43.0-63.0] vs. 52.5 [41.0-63.0], = 0.25). A more frequent occurrence of LC was observed in females with a severe SARS-CoV-2 infection ( = 0.0001). Women with LC compared to the control group had higher body mass index ( = 0.001), lower level of HDL cholesterol ( = 0.015), higher level of TG ( < 0.001) and higher TG/HDL ratio ( < 0.001), more often myocardial damage ( < 0.001), and lower LVEF ( = 0.01). LC women had more often QRS fragmentation, longer QTcB, and one of the ECG abnormalities. In a multivariate analysis in younger females with BMI > 24.8 kg/m, TG/HDL ratio > 1.89 and severe course of COVID-19 and in older females, TG/HDL ratio > 1.89, lower LVEF, and also severe course of infection were independent LC predictors. : Independent predictors of LC occurrence in women, regardless of age, are severe course of COVID-19 and TG/HDL ratio > 1.89. The presence of comorbidities and lifestyle before COVID-19 had no impact on the occurrence of LC in females regardless of age.
女性性别是长期新冠（LC）的风险因素之一；然而，女性LC的预测因素尚未确定。本研究旨在评估LC对心血管系统的影响，并评估女性中与年龄无关的LC预测因素。：在新冠病毒感染康复至少12周后的女性中收集患者信息和有症状的疾病病程。对研究参与者进行了12个月的随访。进行了心电图监测、24小时心电图监测、24小时血压监测、超声心动图检查和生化检测。：我们研究了1946例连续的女性患者（年龄53.0[43.0 - 63.0]与52.5[41.0 - 63.0]，P = 0.25）。在感染严重严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）的女性中观察到LC的发生率更高（P = 0.0001）。与对照组相比，LC女性的体重指数更高（P = 0.001），高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平更低（P = 0.015），甘油三酯（TG）水平更高（P < 0.001）且TG/高密度脂蛋白比值更高（P < 0.001），心肌损伤更常见（P < 0.001），左心室射血分数（LVEF）更低（P = 0.01）。LC女性更常出现QRS波碎裂、QTcB更长以及心电图异常之一。在多变量分析中，对于体重指数>24.8kg/m²、TG/高密度脂蛋白比值>1.89且新冠病毒感染病程严重的年轻女性以及老年女性，TG/高密度脂蛋白比值>1.89、LVEF降低以及感染病程严重是独立的LC预测因素。：无论年龄如何，女性中LC发生的独立预测因素是新冠病毒感染病程严重和TG/高密度脂蛋白比值>1.89。新冠病毒感染前合并症的存在和生活方式对女性中LC的发生没有影响，无论年龄大小。
