Stromsnes Kristine, Fajardo Cristian Martinez, Soto-Rodriguez Silvana, Kajander Erika Ria Ulrika, Lupu Remus-Iulian, Pozo-Rodriguez Monica, Boira-Nacher Balma, Font-Alberich Maria, Gambini-Castell Marcos, Olaso-Gonzalez Gloria, Gomez-Cabrera Maria-Carmen, Gambini Juan
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
Instituto Botánico, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2024 Dec 16;17(12):1697. doi: 10.3390/ph17121697.
Osteoporosis is a chronic disease that is characterized by a loss of bone density, which mainly affects the microstructure of the bones due to a decrease in bone mass, thereby making them more fragile and susceptible to fractures. Osteoporosis is currently considered one of the pandemics of the 21st century, affecting around 200 million people. Its most serious consequence is an increased risk of bone fractures, thus making osteoporosis a major cause of disability and even premature death in the elderly. In this review, we discuss its causes, the biochemical mechanisms of bone regeneration, risk factors, pharmacological treatments, prevention and the effects of diet, focusing in this case on compounds present in a diet that could have palliative and preventive effects and could be used as concomitant treatments to drugs, which are and should always be the first option. It should be noted as a concluding remark that non-pharmacological treatments such as diet and exercise have, or should have, a relevant role in supporting pharmacology, which is the recommended prescription today, but we cannot ignore that they can have a great relevance in the treatment of this disease.
骨质疏松症是一种慢性疾病，其特征是骨密度降低，这主要是由于骨量减少影响了骨骼的微观结构，从而使骨骼更脆弱且更容易骨折。骨质疏松症目前被认为是21世纪的大流行病之一，影响着约2亿人。其最严重的后果是骨折风险增加，因此骨质疏松症成为老年人残疾甚至过早死亡的主要原因。在这篇综述中，我们讨论其病因、骨再生的生化机制、风险因素、药物治疗、预防以及饮食的影响，在此重点关注饮食中可能具有缓解和预防作用且可作为药物辅助治疗的化合物，药物治疗一直是且应始终是首选。作为结束语需要指出的是，饮食和运动等非药物治疗在支持药理学方面已经或应该发挥重要作用，药理学是当今推荐的治疗方法，但我们不能忽视它们在这种疾病的治疗中可能具有的重大意义。
