Miralles-Llumà Laia, Vilarrasa Nuria, Monasterio Carmen, López-Padrós Carla, Alves Carolina, Planas Rosa, Arribas Lorena, Montserrat Monica, Pérez-Ramos Sandra, Pallarès Natàlia, Salord Neus
Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Feixa Llarga, s/n., 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
Nutrients. 2024 Dec 10;16(24):4255. doi: 10.3390/nu16244255.
Studies focusing on the effects of lifestyle strategies on patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) that go beyond body weight and explore body composition are currently scarce and inconclusive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 12-month intensive life intervention program (ILI), based on a hypocaloric Mediterranean diet, on changes in the body composition parameters as assessed by abdominal computed tomography (CT) and the cardiorespiratory profile of patients with severe OSA and grade I-II obesity, compared to patients receiving standard care. Resultts:Thirty-four patients (30 males and four females) were randomly assigned to an intervention group (IG) ( = 18) or a control group (CG) (n = 16). We observed an improvement in OSA severity following the intervention. Patients in the IG lost 8.2% of their body weight compared to 0.1% of the patients in the CG ( < 0.001), and this loss was primarily due to reductions in total body fat, visceral adipose tissue index (VATI) [IG -19.4 (18.1) cm/m versus CG 2.32 (11.6) cm/m, < 0.001], and a tendency toward lower intramuscular adipose tissue index (IMATI) [IG -0.69 (0.85) cm/m versus CG 0.04 (1.3) cm/m, = 0.098]. These changes were associated with an improvement in patients' metabolic and inflammatory profile. Younger age and a higher degree of obesity at baseline were associated with greater weight loss. Conslusions: In conclusion, the ILI was effective in reducing 8.2% of body weight at 12 months, leading to favorable changes in patients' body composition profile that resulted in healthier metabolic and inflammatory parameters.
目前，关注生活方式策略对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）患者影响的研究较为匮乏且尚无定论，这些研究不仅涉及体重，还探讨了身体成分。本研究的目的是评估一项为期12个月的强化生活干预计划（ILI）的效果，该计划基于低热量地中海饮食，与接受标准护理的患者相比，观察其对重度OSA和I-II级肥胖患者腹部计算机断层扫描（CT）评估的身体成分参数变化以及心肺功能的影响。结果：34例患者（30例男性和4例女性）被随机分配至干预组（IG）（n = 18）或对照组（CG）（n = 16）。干预后我们观察到OSA严重程度有所改善。IG组患者体重减轻了8.2%，而CG组患者体重仅减轻了0.1%（P < 0.001），这种体重减轻主要归因于全身脂肪、内脏脂肪组织指数（VATI）的降低[IG组为-19.4（18.1）cm/m，CG组为2.32（11.6）cm/m，P < 0.001]，以及肌肉内脂肪组织指数（IMATI）有降低趋势[IG组为-0.69（0.85）cm/m，CG组为0.04（1.3）cm/m，P = 0.098]。这些变化与患者代谢和炎症指标的改善相关。基线时年龄较小和肥胖程度较高与更大程度的体重减轻相关。结论：总之，ILI在12个月时有效减轻了8.2%的体重，使患者身体成分状况发生有利变化，从而带来更健康的代谢和炎症参数。
