摄入锌生物强化小麦对青少年脂肪酸代谢和氧化应激血浆标志物的影响。

Effects of Zinc-Biofortified Wheat Intake on Plasma Markers of Fatty Acid Metabolism and Oxidative Stress Among Adolescents.

作者信息

Shahzad Babar, Holt Roberta R, Gupta Swarnim, Zaman Mukhtiar, Shahzad Muhammad, Lowe Nicola M, Hall Andrew G

机构信息

Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25100, Pakistan.

Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.

出版信息

Nutrients. 2024 Dec 11;16(24):4265. doi: 10.3390/nu16244265.

DOI:10.3390/nu16244265

PMID:39770887

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11677776/

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Zinc deficiency is common worldwide and has been linked to reduced growth and immune function, increased risk of and slower recovery from infections, and increased risk of non-communicable diseases. To address the issue, zinc biofortification of wheat has been proposed as a sustainable approach to increase dietary zinc intake in countries like Pakistan, where zinc deficiency rates are high and wheat is the primary staple crop. Since plasma zinc concentration (PZC) does not reliably respond to small changes in zinc intake, biomarkers sensitive to small changes in zinc intake achievable though biofortification are needed. Activity indices for zinc-dependent metabolic steps of desaturation and elongation of omega-6 fatty acids (FAs) have been proposed as sensitive zinc biomarkers. Oxylipin metabolites of polyunsaturated FAs may also respond to changes in zinc intake and further mediate metabolic response to oxidative stress. The objective of the current study was to assess the effects of consuming zinc-biofortified wheat flour on plasma markers of fatty acid (FA) metabolism in females aged 10-16 years.

METHODS

A nested secondary analysis was conducted in samples from a double-blind, cluster-randomized controlled trial conducted in rural Pakistan, whereparticipants (n = 517) consumed either zinc-biofortified wheat flour or control flour for 25 weeks. Total plasma FAs and oxylipins were measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Activity indices were estimated from the ratios of product to precursor FAs.

RESULTS

Except for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, < 0.05), no significant intervention effect was observed on plasma FAs and FA activity index endpoints. Zinc-biofortified wheat intake reduced pro-inflammatory oxylipins and biomarkers of oxidative stress, 5-HETE ( < 0.05), 9-HETE ( < 0.05), 11-HETE ( < 0.05), and 15-HETE ( < 0.05), compared with the control. However, after adjustment for multiple comparisons, none of the intervention effects remained significant.

CONCLUSIONS

Further study of the responsiveness and specificity of plasma oxylipins to changes in zinc intake is warranted.

摘要

背景/目的：锌缺乏在全球范围内普遍存在，与生长发育迟缓、免疫功能下降、感染风险增加及康复缓慢以及非传染性疾病风险增加有关。为解决这一问题，在巴基斯坦等锌缺乏率高且小麦是主要主食作物的国家，小麦的锌生物强化被提议作为增加膳食锌摄入量的可持续方法。由于血浆锌浓度（PZC）对锌摄入量的微小变化反应不可靠，因此需要对生物强化可实现的锌摄入量微小变化敏感的生物标志物。ω-6脂肪酸（FAs）去饱和和延长的锌依赖性代谢步骤的活性指数已被提议作为敏感的锌生物标志物。多不饱和脂肪酸的氧化脂质代谢产物也可能对锌摄入量的变化做出反应，并进一步介导对氧化应激的代谢反应。本研究的目的是评估食用锌生物强化小麦粉对10至16岁女性脂肪酸（FA）代谢血浆标志物的影响。

方法

在巴基斯坦农村进行的一项双盲、整群随机对照试验的样本中进行了嵌套二次分析，参与者（n = 517）食用锌生物强化小麦粉或对照面粉25周。通过液相色谱串联质谱法（LC-MS/MS）测量总血浆脂肪酸和氧化脂质。根据产物与前体脂肪酸的比率估算活性指数。

结果

除二十二碳六烯酸（DHA，P<0.05）外，未观察到对血浆脂肪酸和脂肪酸活性指数终点有显著干预效果。与对照组相比，食用锌生物强化小麦可降低促炎性氧化脂质和氧化应激生物标志物5-羟基二十碳四烯酸（5-HETE，P<0.05）、9-羟基二十碳四烯酸（9-HETE，P<0.05）、11-羟基二十碳四烯酸（11-HETE，P<0.05）和15-羟基二十碳四烯酸（15-HETE，P<0.05）。然而，在进行多重比较校正后，干预效果均无统计学意义。