Xing Dan, Zheng Wenting, Zhou Huiming, Li Guangyu, Li Yan, Jia Jingwen, Liu Haoling, Luan Ning, Liu Xiaolin
College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
CHN Energy Dadu River Hydropower Development Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610000, China.
Toxics. 2024 Nov 26;12(12):853. doi: 10.3390/toxics12120853.
The highly hazardous chemical ammonia has been proven to be absorbed by nanoparticles, thereby exerting highly toxic effects on aquatic organisms. As a ubiquitous pollutant in aquatic environments, polystyrene nanomicroplastics (PSNPs) have shown strong adsorption capacity due to their large surface area. Therefore, the potential joint effects of ammonia and PSNPs need to be clarified. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to a water solution with ammonia concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/L) with or without PSNP (100 μg/L) treatment up to 120 hpf. The results showed that combined exposure increased the accumulation of ammonia and obviously reduced the locomotor speed of zebrafish larvae compared with exposure to ammonia alone. Further studies indicated that PSNPs can aggravate ammonia-induced neurotoxicity by altering the cholinergic system, dopaminergic neurons, and the retinal structure in zebrafish larvae. In addition, our results revealed that ammonia caused significant alterations in the expression of genes related to neurodevelopment and retinal development, and PSNPs exacerbated this adverse effect. In conclusion, PSNPs can aggravate ammonia-induced neurotoxicity in the early stage of zebrafish and their associated health risk to aquatic animals should not be underestimated. The main contribution of this article lies in revealing the synergistic neurotoxicity of ammonia and PSNPs in the early stage of zebrafish. Moreover; it emphasizes that the associated health risks to aquatic animals should not be underestimated.
剧毒化学物质氨已被证明可被纳米颗粒吸收，从而对水生生物产生高毒性作用。作为水环境中普遍存在的污染物，聚苯乙烯纳米微塑料（PSNPs）因其巨大的表面积而表现出很强的吸附能力。因此，需要阐明氨和PSNPs的潜在联合效应。在本研究中，将斑马鱼胚胎暴露于含有氨浓度（0、0.1、1和10 mg/L）的水溶液中，分别进行有无PSNP（100 μg/L）处理，直至120 hpf。结果表明，与单独暴露于氨相比，联合暴露增加了氨的积累，并明显降低了斑马鱼幼体的运动速度。进一步研究表明，PSNPs可通过改变斑马鱼幼体的胆碱能系统、多巴胺能神经元和视网膜结构来加重氨诱导的神经毒性。此外，我们的结果显示，氨导致与神经发育和视网膜发育相关的基因表达发生显著变化，而PSNPs加剧了这种不良影响。总之，PSNPs可在斑马鱼早期加重氨诱导的神经毒性，其对水生动物的相关健康风险不容小觑。本文的主要贡献在于揭示了氨和PSNPs在斑马鱼早期的协同神经毒性。此外，强调了对水生动物的相关健康风险不容小觑。
