Bu Wenxia, Cui Ye, Jin Yueyuan, Wang Xuehai, Jiang Mengna, Huang Ruiyao, Egbobe JohnPaul Otuomasiri, Zhao Xinyuan, Tang Juan
Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China.
Department of Clinical Medicine, Nantong University Xinglin College, Nantong 226000, China.
Toxics. 2024 Dec 14;12(12):908. doi: 10.3390/toxics12120908.
Polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs), a pervasive component of plastic pollution, have emerged as a significant environmental and health threat due to their microscopic size and bioaccumulative properties. This review systematically explores the biological effects and mechanisms of PS-NPs on cellular systems, encompassing oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, inflammation, and disruptions in autophagy. Notably, PS-NPs induce multiple forms of cell death, including apoptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, mediated through distinct yet interconnected molecular pathways. The review also highlights various factors that influence the cytotoxicity of PS-NPs, such as particle size, surface modifications, co-exposure with other pollutants, and protein corona formation. These complex interactions underscore the extensive and potentially hazardous impacts of PS-NPs on cellular health. The findings presented here emphasize the need for continued research on the mechanisms underlying PS-NP toxicity and the development of effective strategies for mitigating their effects, thereby informing regulatory frameworks aimed at minimizing environmental and biological risks.
聚苯乙烯纳米塑料（PS-NPs）是塑料污染中普遍存在的成分，由于其微小的尺寸和生物累积特性，已成为重大的环境和健康威胁。本综述系统地探讨了PS-NPs对细胞系统的生物学效应和机制，包括氧化应激、线粒体功能障碍、DNA损伤、炎症以及自噬紊乱。值得注意的是，PS-NPs通过不同但相互关联的分子途径诱导多种形式的细胞死亡，包括凋亡、铁死亡、坏死性凋亡和焦亡。该综述还强调了影响PS-NPs细胞毒性的各种因素，如颗粒大小、表面修饰、与其他污染物的共同暴露以及蛋白质冠的形成。这些复杂的相互作用突出了PS-NPs对细胞健康的广泛且潜在的有害影响。本文提出的研究结果强调了继续研究PS-NP毒性潜在机制以及制定减轻其影响的有效策略的必要性，从而为旨在最小化环境和生物风险的监管框架提供信息。
