Bian Qingyong, Dong Zhiduo, Fu Yanbo, Zhao Yupeng, Feng Yaozu, Wang Zhiguo, Zhu Jingquan
Institute of Soil Fertilizer, Agricultural Water Saving, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China.
National Soil Quality Aksu Observation Experimental Station, Aksu 843000, China.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Dec 13;13(24):3492. doi: 10.3390/plants13243492.
The contradiction between increased irrigation demand and water scarcity in arid regions has become more acute for crops as a result of global climate change. This highlights the urgent need to improve crop water use efficiency. In this study, four irrigation volumes were established for drip-irrigated maize under plastic mulch: 2145 m ha (W1), 2685 m ha (W2), 3360 m ha (W3), and 4200 m ha (W4). The effects of these volumes on soil moisture, maize growth, water consumption, crop coefficients, and yield were analyzed. The results showed that increasing the irrigation volume led to a 2.86% to 8.71% increase in soil moisture content, a 24.56% to 47.41% increase in water consumption, and a 3.43% to 35% increase in the crop coefficient. Maize plant height increased by 16.34% to 42.38%, ear height by 16.85% to 51.01%, ear length by 2.43% to 28.13%, and yield by 16.96% to 39.24%. Additionally, soil temperature was reduced by 1.67% to 5.67%, and the maize bald tip length decreased by 6.62% to 48%. The irrigation water use efficiency improved by 6.57% to 28.89%. A comprehensive evaluation using the TOPSIS method demonstrated that 3360 m ha of irrigation water was an effective irrigation strategy for increasing maize yield under drip irrigation with plastic mulch in the southern border area. Compared to 4200 m ha, this strategy saved 840 m ha of irrigation water, increased the irrigation water use efficiency by 23.96%, and resulted in only a 0.84% decrease in yield. The findings of this study provide a theoretical foundation for optimizing production benefits in the context of limited water resources.
由于全球气候变化，干旱地区灌溉需求增加与水资源短缺之间的矛盾对于作物而言变得更加尖锐。这凸显了提高作物水分利用效率的迫切需求。在本研究中，为地膜覆盖滴灌玉米设定了四个灌溉量：2145立方米/公顷（W1）、2685立方米/公顷（W2）、3360立方米/公顷（W3）和4200立方米/公顷（W4）。分析了这些灌溉量对土壤湿度、玉米生长、水分消耗、作物系数和产量的影响。结果表明，增加灌溉量导致土壤湿度含量增加2.86%至8.71%，水分消耗增加24.56%至47.41%，作物系数增加3.43%至35%。玉米株高增加16.34%至42.38%，穗位高增加16.85%至51.01%，穗长增加2.43%至28.13%，产量增加16.96%至39.24%。此外，土壤温度降低1.67%至5.67%，玉米秃尖长度减少6.62%至48%。灌溉水利用效率提高6.57%至28.89%。使用TOPSIS方法进行的综合评价表明，3360立方米/公顷的灌溉水量是南部边境地区地膜覆盖滴灌条件下提高玉米产量的有效灌溉策略。与4200立方米/公顷相比，该策略节省了840立方米/公顷的灌溉水，灌溉水利用效率提高了23.96%，产量仅下降0.84%。本研究结果为在水资源有限的情况下优化生产效益提供了理论基础。
