Li Yanyan, Lin Yingying, Yi Yunyun, Zhu Na, Cui Xinyu, Li Xin
Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China.
National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China.
Vaccines (Basel). 2024 Dec 3;12(12):1365. doi: 10.3390/vaccines12121365.
: Accumulating evidence has confirmed the efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the effect of COVID-19 vaccination on immuno-virological parameters in people with HIV (PWH) is uncertain. : A total of 372 PWH treated at Beijing Ditan Hospital were included. Unvaccinated PWH were matched 1:3 with vaccinated PWH using a propensity score matching algorithm. Differences in immuno-virological markers between the matched groups were analyzed. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to test for changes in CD4 and CD8 counts and HIV viral load over two months around vaccination. In addition, we investigated the long-term changes in HIV-related markers in different vaccination dose groups and in the entire vaccinated population. : Vaccinated PWH had a higher CD4/CD8 ratio (0.64 (0.49, 0.78) vs. 0.80 (0.56, 1.03), = 0.037) than unvaccinated PWH within a two-month window after the third dose. There were 337 PWH who received COVID-19 vaccination, and 73.9% (n = 249) received three doses of vaccine. We observed a transient increase in CD4 count and CD4/CD8 ratio within a two-month window after vaccination, especially after the second dose (CD4 count: 583.5 (428.5, 706.8) vs. 618.0 (452.0, 744.0), = 0.018; CD4/CD8 ratio: 0.70 (0.50, 0.91) vs. 0.71 (0.53, 0.96), < 0.001)) and the third dose (CD4 count: 575.5 (435.5, 717.0) vs. 577.5 (440.8, 754.8), = 0.001; CD4/CD8 ratio: 0.70 (0.52, 0.93) vs. 0.79 (0.53, 1.00), < 0.001)). Recent CD4 counts and CD4/CD8 ratios were lower than after COVID-19 but remained higher than before COVID-19 in vaccinated PWH. In addition, COVID-19 vaccination had no negative effect on HIV viral load. : A transient increase in CD4 count and CD4/CD8 ratio was observed after COVID-19 vaccination. However, the enhanced cellular immune response induced by vaccination may diminish over time and return to normal levels. There is no adverse effect of vaccination on HIV viral load.
越来越多的证据证实了新冠病毒疫苗预防SARS-CoV-2感染的有效性和安全性。然而，新冠病毒疫苗接种对HIV感染者（PWH）免疫病毒学参数的影响尚不确定。
纳入了在北京地坛医院接受治疗的372例PWH。使用倾向评分匹配算法将未接种疫苗的PWH与接种疫苗的PWH按1:3进行匹配。分析匹配组之间免疫病毒学标志物的差异。采用Wilcoxon符号秩检验来检测接种疫苗前后两个月内CD4和CD8细胞计数以及HIV病毒载量的变化。此外，我们还研究了不同疫苗接种剂量组和整个接种人群中HIV相关标志物的长期变化。
在第三剂疫苗接种后的两个月内，接种疫苗的PWH的CD4/CD8比值（0.64（0.49，0.78）对0.80（0.56，1.03），P = 0.037）高于未接种疫苗的PWH。共有337例PWH接种了新冠病毒疫苗，73.9%（n = 249）接种了三剂疫苗。我们观察到接种疫苗后的两个月内，尤其是在第二剂（CD4细胞计数：583.5（428.5，706.8）对618.0（452.0，744.0），P = 0.018；CD4/CD8比值：0.70（0.50，0.91）对0.71（0.53，0.96），P < 0.001）和第三剂（CD4细胞计数：575.5（435.5，717.0）对577.5（440.8，754.8），P = 0.001；CD4/CD8比值：0.70（0.52，0.93）对0.79（0.53，1.00），P < 0.001）后，CD4细胞计数和CD4/CD8比值出现短暂升高。接种疫苗的PWH近期的CD4细胞计数和CD4/CD8比值低于新冠病毒疫苗接种后，但仍高于新冠病毒疫苗接种前。此外，新冠病毒疫苗接种对HIV病毒载量没有负面影响。
新冠病毒疫苗接种后观察到CD4细胞计数和CD4/CD8比值短暂升高。然而，疫苗诱导的增强的细胞免疫反应可能会随着时间的推移而减弱并恢复到正常水平。疫苗接种对HIV病毒载量没有不良影响。
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