Vasilieva Mariia I, Shatalova Rimma O, Matveeva Kseniia S, Shindyapin Vadim V, Minskaia Ekaterina, Ivanov Roman A, Shevyrev Daniil V
Research Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Federal Territory Sirius, Krasnodarsky Krai, Sirius 354349, Russia.
Research Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Federal Territory Sirius, Krasnodarsky Krai, Sirius 354349, Russia.
Vaccines (Basel). 2024 Dec 10;12(12):1389. doi: 10.3390/vaccines12121389.
Preventive medicine has proven its long-term effectiveness and economic feasibility. Over the last century, vaccination has saved more lives than any other medical technology. At present, preventative measures against most infectious diseases are successfully used worldwide; in addition, vaccination platforms against oncological and even autoimmune diseases are being actively developed. At the same time, the development of medicine led to an increase in both life expectancy and the proportion of age-associated diseases, which pose a heavy socio-economic burden. In this context, the development of vaccine-based approaches for the prevention or treatment of age-related diseases opens up broad prospects for extending the period of active longevity and has high economic potential. It is well known that the development of age-related diseases is associated with the accumulation of senescent cells in various organs and tissues. It has been demonstrated that the elimination of such cells leads to the restoration of functions, rejuvenation, and extension of the lives of experimental animals. However, the development of vaccines against senescent cells is complicated by their antigenic heterogeneity and the lack of a unique marker. In addition, senescent cells are the body's own cells, which may be the reason for their low immunogenicity. This mini-review discusses the mechanisms of central and peripheral tolerance that may influence the formation of an anti-senescent immune response and be responsible for the accumulation of senescent cells with age.
预防医学已证明其长期有效性和经济可行性。在上个世纪，疫苗接种拯救的生命比任何其他医疗技术都多。目前，针对大多数传染病的预防措施在全球范围内得到成功应用；此外，针对肿瘤甚至自身免疫性疾病的疫苗平台也在积极研发中。与此同时，医学的发展导致预期寿命增加以及与年龄相关疾病的比例上升，这些疾病带来了沉重的社会经济负担。在此背景下，开发基于疫苗的方法来预防或治疗与年龄相关的疾病，为延长积极长寿期开辟了广阔前景，并具有很高的经济潜力。众所周知，与年龄相关疾病的发展与各种器官和组织中衰老细胞的积累有关。已经证明，清除这些细胞会导致实验动物的功能恢复、年轻化和寿命延长。然而，针对衰老细胞的疫苗开发因它们的抗原异质性和缺乏独特标记而变得复杂。此外，衰老细胞是机体自身的细胞，这可能是它们免疫原性低的原因。这篇小型综述讨论了可能影响抗衰老免疫反应形成并导致衰老细胞随年龄积累的中枢和外周耐受机制。
