Nogareda Francisco, Ghiselli Margherita, Velandia-González Martha, de Mucio Bremen, Jara Jorge, Couto Paula, Rodriguez Angel, Rondy Marc, Vicari Andrea, Ozturk Murat Hakan, Goldin Shoshanna, Vilajeliu Alba, Leidman Eva, Patel Jaymin, Carlton Julie, Fowlkes Ashley L, Azziz-Baumgartner Eduardo, Salas Peraza Daniel, Ropero Alba Maria
Special Program Comprehensive Immunization, Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/World Health Organization (WHO), Washington, DC 20037, USA.
Women and Reproductive Health, Latin American Center for Perinatology, Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/World Health Organization (WHO), Washington, DC 20037, USA.
Vaccines (Basel). 2024 Dec 16;12(12):1415. doi: 10.3390/vaccines12121415.
Vaccination is one of the most effective measures to prevent influenza illness and its complications. Since the 1980s, countries and territories in the Americas have progressively implemented influenza vaccination operations in high-risk priority groups-such as older adults, pregnant persons, persons with comorbidities and health workers. In this review, we present the history and progress of the seasonal influenza program in the Americas, how the program contributed to the efficient and timely roll-out of the COVID-19 vaccines during the pandemic, and how the program can be used to promote immunization operations across the life span for existing and future vaccines. The influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic in 2009 and the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020-2023 underscored the importance of having a robust seasonal influenza vaccination program for pandemic preparedness and response. Overall, countries with existing seasonal influenza vaccination programs were better prepared and rolled out the delivery of COVID-19 vaccines more quickly and effectively compared to other countries where the influenza vaccination platform was weak or non-existent. Traditionally, national immunization programs of developing countries have been predominately focused on newborns, children younger than five years and school-aged children while often limiting their investment in effective adult vaccination programs; these programs are typically isolated to high-income countries. Countries in Latin America have been the exception, with strong influenza vaccination programs for adults regardless of national income level. The presence of functional and effective adult influenza vaccination programs can also facilitate the acceptance and uptake of other adult vaccines targeting priority groups at higher risk for severe illness or complications.
接种疫苗是预防流感疾病及其并发症最有效的措施之一。自20世纪80年代以来,美洲的国家和地区已逐步在高危优先群体中开展流感疫苗接种工作,这些群体包括老年人、孕妇、患有合并症的人群以及医护人员。在本综述中,我们介绍了美洲季节性流感项目的历史与进展,该项目在大流行期间如何助力高效及时地推出新冠疫苗,以及如何利用该项目促进针对现有和未来疫苗的全生命周期免疫接种工作。2009年的甲型H1N1流感大流行以及2020 - 2023年的新冠大流行凸显了拥有强有力的季节性流感疫苗接种项目对于大流行防范和应对的重要性。总体而言,与流感疫苗接种平台薄弱或不存在的其他国家相比,拥有现有季节性流感疫苗接种项目的国家准备更充分,能更快、更有效地推出新冠疫苗。传统上,发展中国家的国家免疫规划主要侧重于新生儿、五岁以下儿童和学龄儿童,同时往往限制对有效的成人疫苗接种项目的投入;这些项目通常只在高收入国家开展。拉丁美洲国家是个例外,无论国民收入水平如何,都为成年人制定了强有力的流感疫苗接种项目。有效的成人流感疫苗接种项目的存在也有助于其他针对重症或并发症高风险优先群体的成人疫苗的接受和接种。