Chen Kangfu, Yang Hongfen, Cai Ren
Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States.
ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2025 Feb 10;11(2):774-783. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c02052. Epub 2025 Jan 8.
Nanomedicine is revolutionizing precision medicine, providing targeted, personalized treatment options. Lipid-based nanomedicines offer distinct benefits including high potency, targeted delivery, extended retention in the body, reduced toxicity, and lower required doses. These characteristics make lipid-based nanoparticles ideal for drug delivery in areas such as gene therapy, cancer treatment, and mRNA vaccines. However, traditional bulk synthesis methods for LNPs often produce larger particle sizes, significant polydispersity, and low encapsulation efficiency, which can reduce the therapeutic effectiveness. These issues primarily result from uneven mixing and limited control over particle formation during the synthesis. Microfluidic technology has emerged as a solution, providing precise control over particle size, uniformity, and encapsulation efficiency. In this mini review, we introduce the state-of-the-art microfluidic systems for lipid-based nanoparticle synthesis and functionalization. We include the working principles of different types of microfluidic systems, the use of microfluidic systems for LNP synthesis, cargo encapsulation, and nanomedicine delivery. In the end, we briefly discuss the clinical use of LNPs enabled by microfluidic devices.
纳米医学正在彻底改变精准医学，提供靶向、个性化的治疗选择。基于脂质的纳米药物具有显著优势，包括高效能、靶向递送、在体内的长时间留存、降低毒性以及较低的所需剂量。这些特性使基于脂质的纳米颗粒成为基因治疗、癌症治疗和mRNA疫苗等领域药物递送的理想选择。然而，传统的脂质纳米颗粒（LNP）批量合成方法通常会产生较大的粒径、显著的多分散性和较低的包封效率，这可能会降低治疗效果。这些问题主要源于合成过程中混合不均匀以及对颗粒形成的控制有限。微流控技术已成为一种解决方案，可对粒径、均匀性和包封效率进行精确控制。在本综述中，我们介绍了用于基于脂质的纳米颗粒合成和功能化的先进微流控系统。我们包括不同类型微流控系统的工作原理、微流控系统在LNP合成、货物包封和纳米药物递送中的应用。最后，我们简要讨论了微流控装置实现的LNP的临床应用。
