Yi Liuxi, Bao Haizhu, Wu Yang, Mu Yingnan, Du Chao, Peng Jingwen, Yan Xuechun, Chen Yongsheng, Yu Haifeng
Agricultural college, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010019, China.
Institute of Crop Science, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010031, China.
Sci Data. 2025 Jan 7;12(1):24. doi: 10.1038/s41597-024-04097-z.
The sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), belonging to the Asteraceae family, is the world's fourth most important oil crop. Sunflower cultivars are categorized into oilseed and confectionery types. Here, we present chromosome-level genome assemblies of two Chinese sunflower cultivars-oilseed and confectionery-using PacBio HiFi and Hi-C sequencing. The oilseed cultivar, OXS, has a genome assembly spanning 3.03 Gb with 99.58% of sequences anchored to 17 chromosomes and a contig N50 length of 154.78 Mb. The first published confectionery cultivar genome, YDS, mirrors this closely with a 3.02 Gb assembly, contig N50 length of 153.87 Mb and 99.40% of sequences mapped similarly. Gene completeness reached 98.2% for OXS and 98.4% for YDS, with LTR Assembly Index scores of 24.73 and 25.85, respectively. Comparative genomics identified rapidly evolving gene families linked to synthesis, growth, and stress defense. Additionally, we found high collinearity between the YDS and OXS genomes, despite three significant inversions, and detected 15,056 large deletions and insertions. These findings lay a robust foundation for advanced genomic research and breeding innovations in sunflowers.
向日葵（Helianthus annuus L.）属于菊科，是世界上第四重要的油料作物。向日葵品种分为油用型和食用型。在此，我们利用PacBio HiFi和Hi-C测序技术，展示了两个中国向日葵品种（油用型和食用型）的染色体水平基因组组装。油用型品种OXS的基因组组装大小为3.03 Gb，99.58%的序列锚定到17条染色体上，重叠群N50长度为154.78 Mb。首个发表的食用型品种基因组YDS与之非常相似，组装大小为3.02 Gb，重叠群N50长度为153.87 Mb，99.40%的序列映射方式类似。OXS的基因完整性达到98.2%，YDS达到98.4%，LTR组装指数得分分别为24.73和25.85。比较基因组学确定了与合成、生长和应激防御相关的快速进化基因家族。此外，我们发现YDS和OXS基因组之间具有高度共线性，尽管存在三个显著倒位，并检测到15,056个大的缺失和插入。这些发现为向日葵的高级基因组研究和育种创新奠定了坚实基础。
