Caracciolo Makoto Enoki, Villela Erika Verissimo, Machado Leandro Dos Santos, Barreto Maria Lúcia, Rosa Ana Cláudia de Paula, Lopes-Torres Eduardo José
Laboratório de Helmintologia Romero Lascasas Porto, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Centro Multiusuário para Análise de Fenômenos Biomédicos, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas - UEA, Manaus, AM, Brasil.
Rev Bras Parasitol Vet. 2024 Dec 20;33(4):e019024. doi: 10.1590/S1984-29612024081. eCollection 2024.
Bovine parasitic otitis poses challenges in diagnosis, treatment and involves various agents, such as bacteria, fungi, mites, and nematodes. This study focused on the nematodes and bacteria isolated from the auditory canals of dairy cattle. A total of twenty samples were collected from dairy cattle in two states of Brazil. The results showed that Metarhabditis freitasi and M. costai nematodes were identified in 75% of samples. Bacterial species from the ear, identified via mass spectrometry, revealed that different strains were present in 65% of the cattle. Mycoplasma spp. were identified in 45% of samples through molecular techniques. Gram-negative bacteria and Mycoplasma spp. were exclusively found in nematode-infected cattle. Furthermore, the bacteria exhibited resistance to multiple antimicrobial classes, and demonstrating multiresistance. Electron microscopy revealed biofilm aggregates on the cuticle of Metarhabditis spp., suggesting a potential role of these nematodes in bacterial migration and interaction with nervous tissue. Thirteen bacterial strains demonstrated biofilm formation ability, indicating their potential pathogenic role. This research highlights the persistent and complex nature of parasitic otitis, emphasizing the significant role of nematode-bacteria associations in its pathogenicity. The presence of resistant strains and biofilm formation underscores the challenges in managing the diagnosis and treatment of bovine parasitic otitis.
牛寄生性中耳炎在诊断和治疗方面存在挑战，涉及多种病原体，如细菌、真菌、螨虫和线虫。本研究聚焦于从奶牛耳道分离出的线虫和细菌。共从巴西两个州的奶牛身上采集了20份样本。结果显示，在75%的样本中鉴定出了弗氏后圆线虫和科斯塔伊后圆线虫。通过质谱法鉴定出的耳部细菌种类表明，65%的奶牛存在不同菌株。通过分子技术在45%的样本中鉴定出了支原体属。革兰氏阴性菌和支原体属仅在感染线虫的奶牛中发现。此外，这些细菌对多种抗菌类别表现出耐药性，呈现多重耐药性。电子显微镜显示后圆线虫属角质层上有生物膜聚集体，表明这些线虫在细菌迁移以及与神经组织相互作用中可能发挥作用。13株细菌菌株表现出形成生物膜的能力，表明它们可能具有致病作用。这项研究突出了寄生性中耳炎的持续性和复杂性，强调了线虫与细菌的关联在其致病性中的重要作用。耐药菌株的存在和生物膜的形成凸显了牛寄生性中耳炎诊断和治疗管理方面的挑战。
