Acute hypoalgesic and neurophysiological responses to lower-limb ischaemic preconditioning.

The aim of this study was to assess if ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) can reduce pain perception and enhance corticospinal excitability during voluntary contractions. In a randomised, within-subject design, healthy participants took part in three experimental visits after a familiarisation session. Measures of pressure pain threshold (PPT), maximum voluntary isometric force, voluntary activation, resting twitch force, corticospinal excitability and corticospinal inhibition were performed before and ≥10 min after either, unilateral IPC on the right leg (3 × 5 min); a sham protocol (3 × 1 min); or a control (no occlusion). Pain perception was then assessed in response to a hypertonic saline injection into the vastus lateralis muscle. In the right (occluded) leg, PPT was 10% greater after IPC compared to sham (P = 0.004). PPTs were also 9.5% greater in the contralateral leg for IPC compared to sham (P = 0.031). Maximum voluntary force, voluntary activation and resting twitch force were not different between conditions (all P ≥ 0.133). Measures of corticospinal excitability and inhibition also revealed no significant differences between conditions (all P ≥ 0.240). Hypertonic saline evoked pain revealed no difference in reported intensity or duration between conditions (P ≥ 0.082). IPC can reduce pain sensitivity in local and remote areas but does not subsequently impact neurophysiological measures of excitability or inhibition.