The evaluation of the serum levels of vitamin D and interleukin-33 in children with atopic dermatitis and its association with diseases severity.

INTRODUCTION

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by increased skin sensitivity to environmental elements, mediated by CD4 T helper cells (Th2). Interleukin-33 (IL-33) plays a critical role in exacerbating symptoms in inflamed tissues. Conversely, vitamin D has been shown to induce antimicrobial peptides and suppress the inflammatory response. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between serum levels of vitamin D and IL-33 in children with Atopic dermatitis.

METHODS

Blood samples were collected from 51 patients with Atopic dermatitis and 20 healthy control cases. After counting the blood cells, serum was isolated by centrifugation, and the levels of IL-33, Immunoglobulin E (IgE), and vitamin D were measured using ELISA. Statistical analysis of the collected data was performed using SPSS version 26 software.

RESULTS

Our findings revealed significant differences in the levels of IL- 33 (p value < 0.001), IgE (p value 0.005), and blood cell parameters including Hemoglobin (HGB) (p value < 0.001), Hematocrit (HCT) (p value < 0.001), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) (p value 0.001), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) (p value < 0.001), lymphocyte count (p value 0.02), and monocyte count (p value < 0.001) in AD patients compared to the control group. Additionally, there was a significant correlation between IL-33, and vitamin D serum levels in AD patients (p value 0.03).

CONCLUSION

The current study has revealed a significant difference in the serum levels of IL-33 and IgE between AD patients and healthy individuals. This suggests a potential role for these variables in the pathophysiology of AD disease.