Wang Tao, Li Junting, Du Jun, Zhou Wei, Lu Guang
Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.
Department of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China.
Oncol Lett. 2024 Dec 20;29(3):110. doi: 10.3892/ol.2024.14856. eCollection 2025 Mar.
The FAT atypical cadherin 1 (FAT1) gene is the ortholog of the fat gene and encodes the protocadherin FAT1. FAT1 belongs to the cadherin superfamily, a group of full-length membrane proteins that contain cadherin-like repeats. In various types of human cancer, FAT1 is one of the most commonly mutated genes, and is considered to be an emerging cancer biomarker and a potential target for novel therapies. However, the biological functions of FAT1 and the precise downstream signaling pathways that it mediates have remained to be fully elucidated. The present review discussed the current literature on FAT1, focusing on FAT1 mutations and expression levels, and their impact on signaling pathways and mechanisms in various types of cancer, including both solid tumors and hematological malignancies, such as esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, glioma, breast cancer, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, lymphoma and myeloma. The present review aimed to provide further insights and research directions for future studies on FAT1 as an oncogenic factor or tumor suppressor.
FAT非典型钙黏蛋白1（FAT1）基因是fat基因的直系同源基因，编码原钙黏蛋白FAT1。FAT1属于钙黏蛋白超家族，这是一组包含钙黏蛋白样重复序列的全长膜蛋白。在各类人类癌症中，FAT1是最常发生突变的基因之一，被认为是一种新兴的癌症生物标志物和新型疗法的潜在靶点。然而，FAT1的生物学功能及其介导的精确下游信号通路仍有待充分阐明。本综述讨论了关于FAT1的当前文献，重点关注FAT1突变和表达水平，以及它们对各类癌症（包括实体瘤和血液系统恶性肿瘤，如食管鳞状细胞癌、头颈部鳞状细胞癌、肺鳞状细胞癌、肝细胞癌、神经胶质瘤、乳腺癌、急性淋巴细胞白血病、急性髓细胞白血病、淋巴瘤和骨髓瘤）信号通路和机制的影响。本综述旨在为未来关于FAT1作为致癌因子或肿瘤抑制因子的研究提供进一步的见解和研究方向。
