Seng Jun Jie Benjamin, Kho Zhen-Bing Christine, Kaur Navpreet
Medicine, MOH Holdings Private Limited, Singapore, SGP.
Family Medicine, SingHealth Polyclinics, Singapore, SGP.
Cureus. 2024 Dec 8;16(12):e75328. doi: 10.7759/cureus.75328. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Premature costochondral calcification is a rare finding occurring in young patients and is associated with metabolic and endocrinological conditions. Significant heterogeneity exists with regard to its definition and assessment. This scoping review aimed to summarize the prevalence, risk factors, etiology, evaluation, and management of patients with premature costochondral calcification. A scoping review was conducted in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, CENTRAL, Scopus, and Web of Science, as well as grey literature databases, including OpenGrey and Google Scholar up to 7 December 2024 in accordance with the PRISMA for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. Keywords related to premature calcification of costochondral cartilage were used for the literature search. A narrative review of the prevalence, risk factors, etiology, evaluation, and management of patients with premature costochondral calcification was presented. Of 152 citations, 52 articles were included in this review. Premature costochondral calcification was defined as radiological findings of costochondral cartilage calcification in a patient aged 40 years old or less. The prevalence of premature costochondral cartilage calcification ranges from 0% to 100%, with increasing incidence with age. Common conditions associated with premature costochondral cartilage calcification include hyperthyroidism, trauma/fracture, familial chondrocalcinosis, malignancy, porphyria, and Tietze syndrome. Risk factors associated with premature costochondral calcification include older age, female gender, and history of menstrual disorders. Recommended workup for premature costochondral calcification includes thyroid panel, serum calcium and phosphate, renal profile, liver profile, and vitamin D levels. Premature costochondral calcification remains a radiological finding that warrants careful medical assessment given its association with multiple pathological conditions. More research is required to understand its underlying pathophysiology, optimal initial assessment, and follow-up.
肋软骨过早钙化是一种在年轻患者中出现的罕见现象，与代谢和内分泌疾病有关。其定义和评估存在显著异质性。本综述旨在总结肋软骨过早钙化患者的患病率、危险因素、病因、评估和管理。根据《系统综述和Meta分析扩展版报告规范》（PRISMA-ScR）清单，于2024年12月7日前在PubMed、Embase、CINAHL、CENTRAL、Scopus和Web of Science以及灰色文献数据库（包括OpenGrey和谷歌学术）中进行了一项范围综述。使用与肋软骨过早钙化相关的关键词进行文献检索。对肋软骨过早钙化患者的患病率、危险因素、病因、评估和管理进行了叙述性综述。在152篇引用文献中，本综述纳入了52篇文章。肋软骨过早钙化被定义为40岁及以下患者肋软骨钙化的影像学表现。肋软骨过早钙化的患病率从0%到100%不等，且随着年龄增长发病率增加。与肋软骨过早钙化相关的常见疾病包括甲状腺功能亢进、创伤/骨折、家族性软骨钙质沉着症、恶性肿瘤、卟啉病和蒂策综合征。与肋软骨过早钙化相关的危险因素包括年龄较大、女性性别和月经紊乱史。肋软骨过早钙化的推荐检查包括甲状腺功能检查、血清钙和磷、肾功能检查、肝功能检查以及维生素D水平。鉴于肋软骨过早钙化与多种病理状况相关，它仍是一种需要仔细医学评估的影像学表现。需要更多研究来了解其潜在病理生理学、最佳初始评估和随访情况。
