Ramsamy Guillaume, Mosbah Helena, Faure Jean Pierre, Plault Vanina, Albouy Marion, Esnard Catherine
Département de psychologie, Université de Poitiers, Université François Rabelais de Tours, CNRS, Poitiers, UMR7295 Centre de recherches sur la cognition et l'apprentissage (CeRCA), Poitiers, France.
Centre spécialisé de l'obésité, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
Front Psychol. 2024 Dec 24;15:1421609. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1421609. eCollection 2024.
Obesity, affecting 38% of adults globally, carries economic burdens and health risks like cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Weight-loss programs often face challenges due to stigma and poor body image, impacting individuals' quality of life. Research on interventions targeting weight stigma is lacking, emphasizing the need for comprehensive approaches addressing psychological and behavioral aspects for effective care.
A systematic literature review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. We searched into three databases (PubMed, APA PsycArticles/PsycInfo, and Web of Science) articles published between 1975 and 2024. Studies were eligible if they involved people living with overweight or obesity who participate in a psychological program targeting, or not, weight stigma and if at least one outcome was related to weight stigma.
We selected 24 studies published between 2009 and 2022, the majority concerning English-speaking countries. Reduction in weight stigma was observed in 23/24 studies, particularly through cognitive-behavioral techniques (18/24 studies), while others studies emphasized individual predispositions and the need for longer, and denser interventions.
Three relevant characteristics emerged from the studies analysed: content, duration and tools. Cognitive-behavioral techniques were central, aiding participants in managing their condition and coping with stigma. Interventions reducing Weight Bias Internalization (WBI) led to improved psychosocial determinants, yet the mechanisms remain unclear. Future research should address intervention duration, participant involvement, and the association between WBI and psychosocial factors to enhance outcomes and understanding.
肥胖影响着全球38%的成年人，带来经济负担以及心血管疾病和糖尿病等健康风险。减肥项目常常因污名化和不良身体形象而面临挑战，影响个人生活质量。针对体重污名的干预研究匮乏，这凸显了采用综合方法解决心理和行为方面问题以实现有效护理的必要性。
根据PRISMA指南进行了系统的文献综述。我们在三个数据库（PubMed、美国心理学会心理学文摘/心理学数据库和科学网）中检索了1975年至2024年发表的文章。如果研究涉及超重或肥胖人群，他们参与了针对或未针对体重污名的心理项目，并且至少有一个结果与体重污名相关，那么这些研究即为合格研究。
我们选择了2009年至2022年发表的24项研究，其中大多数涉及英语国家。在24项研究中的23项中观察到体重污名有所减少，特别是通过认知行为技术（18项研究），而其他研究强调了个体易感性以及需要更长时间、更密集的干预。
从所分析的研究中出现了三个相关特征：内容、持续时间和工具。认知行为技术是核心，帮助参与者管理自身状况并应对污名。减少体重偏见内化（WBI）的干预导致心理社会决定因素得到改善，但其机制仍不清楚。未来的研究应关注干预持续时间、参与者参与度以及WBI与心理社会因素之间的关联，以提高效果并增进理解。
