Zhang Daohong, Kukkar Deepak, Bhatt Poornima, Kim Ki-Hyun, Kaur Kamalpreet, Wang Jianlong
Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanoscience and Technology for Prepared Food, Yantai Engineering Research Center of Green Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong 264025, China.
Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, India; University Center for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, India.
Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2025 Apr;248:114478. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114478. Epub 2024 Dec 28.
Numerous types of contemporary antibiotic treatment regimens have become ineffective with the increasing incidence of drug tolerance. As a result, it is pertinent to seek novel and innovative solutions such as antibacterial nanomaterials (NMs) for the prohibition and treatment of hazardous microbial infections. Unlike traditional antibiotics (e.g., penicillin and tetracycline), the unique physicochemical characteristics (e.g., size dependency) of NMs endow them with bacteriostatic and bactericidal potential. However, it is yet difficult to mechanistically predict or decipher the networks of molecular interaction (e.g., between NMs and the biological systems) and the subsequent immune responses. In light of such research gap, this review outlines various mechanisms accountable for the inception of drug tolerance in bacteria. It also delineates the primary factors governing the NMs-induced molecular mechanisms against microbes, specifically drug-resistant bacteria along with the various NM-based mechanisms of antibacterial activity. The review also explores future directions and prospects for NMs in combating drug-resistant bacteria, while addressing challenges to their commercial viability within the healthcare industry.
随着耐药性发病率的不断上升，许多类型的当代抗生素治疗方案已变得无效。因此，寻求新颖创新的解决方案，如抗菌纳米材料（NMs）来预防和治疗有害微生物感染是很有必要的。与传统抗生素（如青霉素和四环素）不同，纳米材料独特的物理化学特性（如尺寸依赖性）赋予了它们抑菌和杀菌的潜力。然而，目前仍难以从机制上预测或解读分子相互作用网络（如纳米材料与生物系统之间的相互作用）以及随后的免疫反应。鉴于这一研究空白，本综述概述了导致细菌产生耐药性的各种机制。它还描述了控制纳米材料诱导的针对微生物，特别是耐药细菌的分子机制的主要因素，以及各种基于纳米材料的抗菌活性机制。该综述还探讨了纳米材料在对抗耐药细菌方面的未来方向和前景，同时解决了它们在医疗行业商业可行性方面的挑战。
