Li Chen Lu, Ma Xin Yuan, Yi Ping
Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Curr Gene Ther. 2025 Jan 6. doi: 10.2174/0115665232340926241105064739.
Lung cancer is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Immunotherapy has emerged as a potentially effective strategy, as traditional medicines have shown minimal success. This review investigates the current state of immunotherapy for lung cancer treatment, focusing on its mechanisms, clinical applications, strategies, and future directions. This study focuses on the different characteristics of non-small and small-cell lung cancer to emphasize the need for targeted treatment strategies. In non-small cell lung cancer, immune checkpoint inhibitors that target PD-1, PDL1, and CTLA-4 have shown a strong therapeutic benefit and increased survival rates. The complex interactions among tumor cells, immune cells, and the tumor microenvironment significantly impact the outcome of immunotherapy. The determination of predicting biomarkers and conquering resistance requires an understanding of the tumor microenvironment. This study addresses a range of immunotherapeutic strategies, such as immune modulators, monoclonal antibodies, and cancer vaccines. The combination approaches are being explored to enhance treatment effectiveness and address resistance mechanisms that integrate immunotherapy with other modalities. Despite advancements, challenges still exist. The identification of reliable biomarkers, regulating immune- related adverse effects, and the overcoming of limitations in treating metastatic disease require more investigation. Future research directions should include exploring the immune microenvironment, developing personalized treatment strategies based on tumor profiles, and integrating new technologies for patient screening. Immunotherapy holds immense potential to modify lung cancer treatment and enhance clinical results.
肺癌是全球主要的死亡原因之一。由于传统药物疗效甚微，免疫疗法已成为一种潜在的有效策略。本综述探讨了肺癌免疫治疗的现状，重点关注其机制、临床应用、策略及未来方向。本研究聚焦于非小细胞肺癌和小细胞肺癌的不同特征，以强调靶向治疗策略的必要性。在非小细胞肺癌中，靶向PD-1、PDL1和CTLA-4的免疫检查点抑制剂已显示出强大的治疗效果并提高了生存率。肿瘤细胞、免疫细胞和肿瘤微环境之间复杂的相互作用显著影响免疫治疗的结果。预测生物标志物的确定和克服耐药性需要了解肿瘤微环境。本研究探讨了一系列免疫治疗策略，如免疫调节剂、单克隆抗体和癌症疫苗。正在探索联合方法以提高治疗效果，并解决将免疫治疗与其他方式相结合的耐药机制。尽管取得了进展，但挑战依然存在。确定可靠的生物标志物、调节免疫相关不良反应以及克服转移性疾病治疗中的局限性仍需更多研究。未来的研究方向应包括探索免疫微环境、基于肿瘤特征制定个性化治疗策略以及整合新技术用于患者筛查。免疫疗法在改变肺癌治疗和提高临床疗效方面具有巨大潜力。
