Ashagrie Yenework Nigussie, Chaubey Kundan Kumar, Tadesse Mesfin Getachew, Dayal Deen, Bachheti Rakesh Kumar, Rai Nishant, Pramanik Atreyi, Lakhanpal Sorabh, Kandwal Anuj, Bachheti Archana
Department of Industrial Chemistry, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Arcadia Grant, P.O. Chandanwari, Premnagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
Z Naturforsch C J Biosci. 2025 Jan 10. doi: 10.1515/znc-2024-0192.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin secretion or action. Contributing factors include genetic predisposition, obesity, family history, inactivity, and environmental risks. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the most common form, involves impaired insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells, leading to insulin resistance. By 2045, it is projected that India and China will have approximately 134.3 and 110.8 million diabetic individuals, respectively. Although synthetic drugs are effective in managing DM, they often come with side effects. Consequently, plant-based phytochemicals with antidiabetic properties are gaining attention. Research indicates that around 115 medicinal plants (MPs) have antidiabetic effects, particularly those from the Fabaceae, Liliaceae, and Lamiaceae families. Bioactive compounds like alkaloids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolics are known to combat DM. Traditional medicinal systems, particularly in developing countries, offer effective DM management. This review highlights the importance of MPs and their bioactive compounds in treating diabetes and underscores the need for further research to commercialize plant-based antidiabetic drugs.
糖尿病（DM）是一组代谢紊乱疾病，其特征是由于胰岛素分泌不足或作用不足导致血糖升高。促成因素包括遗传易感性、肥胖、家族病史、缺乏运动和环境风险。2型糖尿病（T2DM）是最常见的形式，涉及胰腺β细胞胰岛素分泌受损，导致胰岛素抵抗。预计到2045年，印度和中国将分别有大约1.343亿和1.108亿糖尿病患者。尽管合成药物在控制糖尿病方面有效，但它们往往伴有副作用。因此，具有抗糖尿病特性的植物性植物化学物质正受到关注。研究表明，大约115种药用植物具有抗糖尿病作用，特别是豆科、百合科和唇形科的植物。已知生物碱、三萜类化合物、黄酮类化合物和酚类等生物活性化合物可对抗糖尿病。传统医学体系，特别是在发展中国家，提供了有效的糖尿病管理方法。本综述强调了药用植物及其生物活性化合物在治疗糖尿病中的重要性，并强调需要进一步研究以使基于植物的抗糖尿病药物商业化。
