Cavalcante Fabrício Vieira, Martin Christina Pacheco Santos, Frio Gustavo Saraiva, Stabeli Rodrigo Guerino, Santos Leonor Maria Pacheco
Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brasil.
Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Brasil.
PLOS Glob Public Health. 2025 Jan 9;5(1):e0003289. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003289. eCollection 2025.
This study aims to analyze the diagnostic readiness to Covid-19 and the genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Brasília, the capital of Brazil. This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study, with data from: cases/deaths-Ministry of Health; RT-PCR analyses Brasília Central Public Health Laboratory (LACEN); genomics-Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID). It was found that in March 2021, with the Gamma variant was predominant, RT-PCR diagnostic tests administered by LACEN reached their peak, followed by a reduction, possibly due to the start of vaccination. New peaks were observed in September 2021 and January 2022. The average time for releasing RT-PCR results was reduced from eight days (July 2020), to around eight hours in 2023. The participation of private laboratories was evident in sequencing the SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in Brasília (n = 1,897). LACEN sequenced 50% of the samples received (571). A decrease in the incidence of cases and deaths due to Covid-19 was noted in the years 2022 to 2023, following the national trend. LACEN maintained RT-PCR diagnostic tests administered satisfactorily throughout the period. Regarding the genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2, the vast majority of samples were sequenced by private laboratories when compared to the public laboratory.
本研究旨在分析巴西首都巴西利亚对新冠病毒的诊断准备情况以及新冠病毒的基因组监测情况。这是一项回顾性横断面研究，数据来自：病例/死亡数据——卫生部；逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）分析——巴西利亚中央公共卫生实验室（LACEN）；基因组学——全球共享流感数据倡议组织（GISAID）。研究发现，2021年3月，随着伽马变异株占主导地位，LACEN进行的RT-PCR诊断检测达到峰值，随后下降，这可能是由于疫苗接种开始。2021年9月和2022年1月出现了新的峰值。RT-PCR结果发布的平均时间从2020年7月的八天减少到2023年的约八小时。在巴西利亚对新冠病毒变异株进行测序时，私立实验室的参与很明显（n = 1897）。LACEN对收到的样本中的50%（571份）进行了测序。2022年至2023年，随着全国趋势，新冠病毒导致的病例和死亡发生率有所下降。LACEN在此期间一直令人满意地进行RT-PCR诊断检测。关于新冠病毒的基因组监测，与公共实验室相比，绝大多数样本是由私立实验室测序的。
