Tavares Valéria da C, Ribeiro Mariane S, Prous Xavier, Notini Alice A, Kaku-Oliveira Nathalia Y, Maciel Leandro M D, Sales Sérgio, Longo Juliana M, Evangelista Flávia M, Rabelo Lucas, Brandi Iuri V, Vasconcelos Santelmo S, Talamoni Sonia S, Oliveira Guilherme, Trevelin Leonardo C
Instituto Tecnológico Vale (ITV), Belém, Pará, Brazil.
Pós-Graduação em Biologia (Zoologia), PPGCB, Depto. de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2025 Jan 9;20(1):e0296137. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296137. eCollection 2025.
Individual movements of bats are triggered by their life requirements, limited by their recognition of the environment and risks of moving, and mediated by habitat selection. Mining adds fragmentation and heterogeneity to landscapes, with poorly understood consequences to the life activities of the bats. Cave dwelling bats spend most of their life cycles within caves, and as they constantly forage in external landscapes, their contribution in the input of organic matter to the caves is of paramount importance to the subterranean biodiversity. We investigated habitat selection by cave bats in a mosaic of Amazonian forests, iron-rich savannas and iron-caves, studying the movements of the aerial insect-catcher Furipterus horrens (Furipteridae) and of the foliage gleaning bat Lonchorhina aurita (Phyllostomidae), both cave-dependent in the area. We used radio telemetry to assess their use of habitats, under the prediction that these species prefer preserved habitats for their foraging bouts, avoiding human-modified habitats. We also anticipated larger areas and commuting distances for both species when foraging in disturbed landscapes. Thirty-one bats were monitored in conserved habitats, mining sites and pastures resulting in an average range of 415.1 ± 837.4 ha and average commuting distances of 2163 ± 2453 m (F. horrens) and 681.1 ± 1101 ha and 2781.5 ± 2333 m (L. aurita). Our results suggest that F. horrens are open space foragers, frequently recorded in cangas, and L. aurita are forest foragers that use all habitats proportionally to their availability in the landscape. We detected landscape-related effects mediated by seasonal variation in the maximum commuting distance performed by both species. These are the first radiotelemetry data available for F. horrens and L. aurita, delivering original baselines to understand their movement behaviors. This information sheds light into constraints related to the optimal and adjusted biological cycles of these two species and their range shifts under scenarios of disturbance and may subsidize programs for their conservation.
蝙蝠的个体活动受其生活需求驱动，受对环境的认知以及移动风险的限制，并通过栖息地选择来调节。采矿使景观变得破碎且异质化，对蝙蝠生活活动的影响尚不清楚。穴居蝙蝠生命周期的大部分时间都在洞穴内度过，由于它们不断在外部环境中觅食，它们对洞穴中有机物的输入对地下生物多样性至关重要。我们在亚马逊森林、富铁稀树草原和铁洞穴的镶嵌区域中研究穴居蝙蝠的栖息地选择，研究了空中食虫蝙蝠霍氏皱唇蝠（皱唇蝠科）和叶层觅食蝙蝠金色矛吻蝠（叶口蝠科）的活动，这两种蝙蝠在该地区都依赖洞穴生存。我们使用无线电遥测技术来评估它们对栖息地的利用情况，预计这些物种在觅食时更喜欢未受干扰的栖息地，而避开人类改造的栖息地。我们还预计，在受干扰的景观中觅食时，这两个物种的活动范围和通勤距离会更大。在保护区、矿区和牧场对31只蝙蝠进行了监测，结果显示霍氏皱唇蝠的平均活动范围为415.1±837.4公顷，平均通勤距离为2163±2453米；金色矛吻蝠的平均活动范围为681.1±1101公顷，平均通勤距离为2781.5±2333米。我们的结果表明，霍氏皱唇蝠是开阔空间觅食者，经常出现在砂岩地，而金色矛吻蝠是森林觅食者，会根据景观中各栖息地的可利用比例来利用所有栖息地。我们检测到，两个物种的最大通勤距离的季节性变化介导了与景观相关的影响。这是关于霍氏皱唇蝠和金色矛吻蝠的首批无线电遥测数据，为了解它们的移动行为提供了原始基线。这些信息揭示了与这两个物种的最佳和适应性生物周期相关的限制因素，以及它们在干扰情况下的范围变化，并可能为它们的保护计划提供支持。
