土耳其医院员工中的慢性病风险因素：一项横断面研究

Chronic disease risk factors among hospital employees: A cross-sectional study in Türkiye.

作者信息

Medeni Volkan, Topcu Vildan, Bozdağ Fatma, Medeni İrem

机构信息

Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye.

Employee Health Department, General Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Türkiye.

出版信息

PLoS One. 2025 Jan 9;20(1):e0302910. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302910. eCollection 2025.

DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0302910

PMID:39787176

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11717204/

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Chronic diseases have become a significant public health problem with the prolongation of human life. There are four main behavioral risk factors for mortality. This study evaluated the significant risk factors for chronic diseases in university hospital employees.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The cross-sectional study population consisted of hospital employees working at Gazi University Hospital for at least one year. The sample size was calculated to be 285, with a 100% response rate. The study's independent variables were age, gender, educational status, working department, and presence of chronic diseases. Dependent variables were smoking, alcohol use, physical inactivity, and body mass index (BMI) categories. Data on participants' characteristics, habits, and behaviors were obtained from the hospital system or with open-ended questions. Their body weight and height were measured. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to assess physical inactivity.

RESULTS

The smoking prevalence of hospital employees was 41.8%. Regular alcohol use was 19.3%. Based on the BMI values obtained, 37.9% of the participants were pre-obese, and 18.2% were obese. According to the results of the IPAQ, 13.7% were inactive. The prevalence of smoking was 50.4%, alcohol consume 11.6%, physical inactivity 50.4%, and overweight 65.3% among those who graduated from high school or lower. In contrast, the prevalences were 35.4%, 25.0%, 69.5%, and 49.4%, respectively, among those who graduated from university or higher. A one-unit increase in age of participants without chronic disease increased BMI by 1.06 times (p<0.05). When individuals with a high school education or lower are taken as the reference group, it was found that physical inactivity is 1.78 times higher among those with a university degree or higher (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION

The effect of education level on health habits and behaviors should be considered in terms of the target group and content of preventive health programs and awareness-raising studies.

摘要

引言

随着人类寿命的延长，慢性病已成为一个重大的公共卫生问题。导致死亡的主要行为风险因素有四个。本研究评估了大学医院员工患慢性病的重要风险因素。

材料与方法

横断面研究人群包括在加齐大学医院工作至少一年的医院员工。计算得出样本量为285，应答率为100%。该研究的自变量为年龄、性别、教育程度、工作部门和慢性病患病情况。因变量为吸烟、饮酒、身体活动不足和体重指数（BMI）类别。参与者的特征、习惯和行为数据通过医院系统或开放式问题获取。测量了他们的体重和身高。使用国际体力活动问卷（IPAQ）评估身体活动不足情况。

结果

医院员工的吸烟率为41.8%。经常饮酒率为19.3%。根据获得的BMI值，37.9%的参与者为超重，18.2%为肥胖。根据IPAQ的结果，13.7%的人身体活动不足。高中及以下学历者的吸烟率为50.4%，饮酒率为11.6%，身体活动不足率为50.4%，超重率为65.3%。相比之下，大学及以上学历者的相应患病率分别为35.4%、25.0%、69.5%和49.4%。无慢性病参与者年龄每增加一岁，BMI增加1.06倍（p<0.05）。以高中及以下学历者为参照组，发现大学及以上学历者身体活动不足的发生率高1.78倍（p<0.05）。