Division of health management, School of sport social science, Shandong Sport University, Room 1415, 10600 Shijidadao Road, Jinan, 250102, China.
Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden.
BMC Public Health. 2020 Jul 6;20(1):1062. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-08625-5.
Prevention and control of cardiometabolic conditions and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in China may contribute to sustainable CVD reduction globally, given the fact that one-fifth of the worldwide population is in China. Knowing the distribution of behavioral risk factors (e.g., smoking and physical inactivity), especially at a national level in China, would be extremely relevant to the field of public health and CVD prevention. The objectives of this study were to investigate the nationwide prevalence of obesity, smoking, heavy drinking, and physical inactivity in Chinese adults, and further explore whether cardiometabolic conditions would modify the distribution of behavioral risk factors.
This population-based study is based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011-2012), including 17,302 adults (≥45 years, mean age 59.67 years, female 51.66%) from 25 provinces in China. Data on demographics, lifestyle factors, health status and history of diseases were collected via structured interviews and laboratory tests. Smoking, heavy drinking, obesity, and physical inactivity were defined following standard guidelines. We performed descriptive analysis and logistic regressions in this study.
The overall prevalence of heavy drinking, obesity, current smoking, and physical inactivity among middle-aged and older adults was 7.23% (95% confidence interval 6.53-7.29%), 11.53% (10.43-12.62%), 27.46% (26.30-28.62%), and 44.06% (41.19-46.92%), respectively. The prevalence varied between rural and urban areas as well as among geographic areas, with higher prevalence in the Northern and Northeastern regions. Heavy drinking and obesity were significantly associated with incident hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol; while current smoking was significantly associated with incident hypertension. Compared with healthy individuals, participants who self-reported a diagnosis of hypertension, high cholesterol, or diabetes were less likely to smoke currently and drink alcohol heavily, but more likely to be physically inactive and obese.
Among Chinese middle-aged and older adults, the prevalence of behavioral risk factors varies by geographic region. Further effort is required to improve physical activity and fitness for Chinese adults, especially those with cardiometabolic conditions.
鉴于全球五分之一的人口在中国，预防和控制中国的心血管代谢疾病和心血管疾病（CVD）可能会对全球 CVD 减少做出贡献。了解行为风险因素（例如，吸烟和缺乏身体活动）的分布情况，尤其是在中国的全国范围内，对于公共卫生和 CVD 预防领域至关重要。本研究的目的是调查中国成年人肥胖、吸烟、大量饮酒和缺乏身体活动的全国流行情况，并进一步探讨心血管代谢状况是否会改变行为风险因素的分布。
这项基于人群的研究基于中国健康与退休纵向研究（2011-2012 年），包括来自中国 25 个省份的 17302 名成年人（≥45 岁，平均年龄 59.67 岁，女性占 51.66%）。通过结构化访谈和实验室测试收集人口统计学、生活方式因素、健康状况和疾病史数据。吸烟、大量饮酒、肥胖和缺乏身体活动是根据标准指南定义的。本研究进行了描述性分析和逻辑回归分析。
中年和老年人中大量饮酒、肥胖、当前吸烟和缺乏身体活动的总体患病率分别为 7.23%（95%置信区间 6.53-7.29%）、11.53%（10.43-12.62%）、27.46%（26.30-28.62%）和 44.06%（41.19-46.92%）。农村和城市地区以及地理区域之间的患病率存在差异，北方和东北地区的患病率较高。大量饮酒和肥胖与高血压、糖尿病和高胆固醇的发生显著相关；而当前吸烟与高血压的发生显著相关。与健康个体相比，报告患有高血压、高胆固醇或糖尿病的个体当前吸烟和大量饮酒的可能性较低，而缺乏身体活动和肥胖的可能性较高。
在中国中年和老年人中，行为风险因素的患病率因地理区域而异。需要进一步努力提高中国成年人，特别是患有心血管代谢疾病的成年人的身体活动和健康水平。
