Rana Anil Kumar, Bhatt Babita, Gusain Chitralekha, Biswal Surya Narayan, Das Debashree, Kumar Mohit
Food & Nutrition Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food and Biomanufacturing Institute (BRIC-NABI), S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, India.
Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2025 Feb 1;328(2):E217-E229. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00331.2024. Epub 2025 Jan 9.
Neuroimmunometabolism describes how neuroimmune cells, such as microglia, adapt their intracellular metabolic pathways to alter their immune functions in the central nervous system (CNS). Emerging evidence indicates that neurons also orchestrate the microglia-mediated immune response through neuro-immune cross talk, perhaps through metabolic signaling. However, little is known about how the brain's metabolic microenvironment and microglial intracellular metabolism orchestrate the neuroimmune response in healthy and diseased brains. This review addresses the balance of immunometabolic substrates in healthy and diseased brains, their metabolism by brain-resident microglia, and the potential impact of metabolic dysregulation of these substrates on the neuroimmune response and pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. This review also suggests metabolic reprogramming of microglia as a preventive strategy for the management of neuroinflammation-related brain disorders, including psychiatric diseases.
神经免疫代谢描述了诸如小胶质细胞等神经免疫细胞如何调整其细胞内代谢途径，以改变它们在中枢神经系统（CNS）中的免疫功能。新出现的证据表明，神经元也可能通过神经免疫相互作用，或许是通过代谢信号传导，来协调小胶质细胞介导的免疫反应。然而，关于大脑的代谢微环境和小胶质细胞内代谢如何在健康和患病大脑中协调神经免疫反应，我们知之甚少。本综述探讨了健康和患病大脑中免疫代谢底物的平衡、脑内常驻小胶质细胞对它们的代谢，以及这些底物的代谢失调对神经免疫反应和精神疾病病理生理学的潜在影响。本综述还提出，对小胶质细胞进行代谢重编程，可作为管理包括精神疾病在内的神经炎症相关脑部疾病的预防策略。
