Carvalho Junior Alessandre, Netto de Oliveira Adriane Maria, Piexak Diéssica Roggia, Silva Camila Daiane, Lucchetti Giancarlo
Departament of Nursing. Federal University of Rio Grande, FURG, Brazil.
Departament of Nursing. Federal University of Rio Grande, FURG, Brazil.
Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2025 Apr;87:103924. doi: 10.1016/j.iccn.2024.103924. Epub 2025 Jan 8.
The primary aim of the present study was to assess the competencies related to the spiritual care by nurses and health professionals who work in intensive care units, and how these competencies influence clinical practice. As a secondary objective, we have discussed the strengths, weaknesses and threats of incorporating and teaching these competencies among the included studies.
An integrative review of studies published in English, Spanish and Portuguese was performed in the following databases: Embase, Web of Science, Medline/PubMed, PsycInfo, LILACS and Cochrane.
Eleven out of a total of 2,239 articles were included. Most were cross-sectional studies with nurses and the main competencies included were "spiritual care attitude" and "knowledge-related spirituality". The studies were separated into three themes: "Strengths", "Weakness" and "Opportunities". The results showed there are several challenges for professionals working in ICUs, including lack of time, high workload and the influence of the cultural context. Furthermore, few professionals are actually trained to provide spiritual care in the ICU and this care is often provided only at the end of life. Despite this evidence, only one quasi-experimental study on training on the subject in the ICU was identified and no trials, reinforcing the need for more educational studies.
There is still a large gap regarding spiritual care in the intensive care environment, often related to the lack of training and knowledge of the team. Exploring the competencies involved in spiritual care provided by health professionals is a way to deepen the debate within the healthcare-related scientific scenario.
Our findings allow a better understanding of outcomes related to healthcare, based on the assessment of these competencies and aspects related to critical patients, expanding the possibility of building scientific knowledge in the health area and allowing thoughts about multiple forms of research, including randomized clinical studies.
本研究的主要目的是评估重症监护病房护士和医护人员与精神护理相关的能力，以及这些能力如何影响临床实践。作为次要目标，我们在纳入的研究中讨论了纳入和教授这些能力的优势、劣势和威胁。
对在Embase、科学网、Medline/PubMed、PsycInfo、LILACS和Cochrane等数据库中发表的英文、西班牙文和葡萄牙文研究进行综合综述。
总共2239篇文章中有11篇被纳入。大多数是针对护士的横断面研究，主要包括的能力有“精神护理态度”和“与灵性相关的知识”。这些研究分为三个主题：“优势”、“劣势”和“机遇”。结果表明，在重症监护病房工作的专业人员面临若干挑战，包括时间不足、工作量大以及文化背景的影响。此外，很少有专业人员接受过在重症监护病房提供精神护理的实际培训，而且这种护理通常只在生命末期提供。尽管有这些证据，但仅发现一项关于重症监护病房该主题培训的准实验研究，没有试验研究，这凸显了开展更多教育研究的必要性。
在重症监护环境中，精神护理方面仍存在很大差距，这通常与团队缺乏培训和知识有关。探索医护人员提供精神护理所涉及的能力是深化医疗相关科学领域辩论的一种方式。
我们的研究结果有助于在评估这些能力以及与危重症患者相关的方面的基础上，更好地理解与医疗保健相关的结果，扩大在健康领域建立科学知识的可能性，并引发对多种研究形式的思考，包括随机临床研究。
