迈向人类衰老认知神经科学的功能未来。

Toward a functional future for the cognitive neuroscience of human aging.

作者信息

Mooraj Zoya, Salami Alireza, Campbell Karen L, Dahl Martin J, Kosciessa Julian Q, Nassar Matthew R, Werkle-Bergner Markus, Craik Fergus I M, Lindenberger Ulman, Mayr Ulrich, Rajah M Natasha, Raz Naftali, Nyberg Lars, Garrett Douglas D

机构信息

Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Lentzeallee 94, 14195 Berlin, Germany and Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, 10-12 Russell Square, London, WC1B 5Eh, UK.

Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden; Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden; Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden.

出版信息

Neuron. 2025 Jan 8;113(1):154-183. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.12.008.

DOI:10.1016/j.neuron.2024.12.008

PMID:39788085

Abstract

The cognitive neuroscience of human aging seeks to identify neural mechanisms behind the commonalities and individual differences in age-related behavioral changes. This goal has been pursued predominantly through structural or "task-free" resting-state functional neuroimaging. The former has elucidated the material foundations of behavioral decline, and the latter has provided key insight into how functional brain networks change with age. Crucially, however, neither is able to capture brain activity representing specific cognitive processes as they occur. In contrast, task-based functional imaging allows a direct probe into how aging affects real-time brain-behavior associations in any cognitive domain, from perception to higher-order cognition. Here, we outline why task-based functional neuroimaging must move center stage to better understand the neural bases of cognitive aging. In turn, we sketch a multi-modal, behavior-first research framework that is built upon cognitive experimentation and emphasizes the importance of theory and longitudinal design.

摘要

人类衰老的认知神经科学旨在确定与年龄相关的行为变化中的共性和个体差异背后的神经机制。这一目标主要通过结构性或“无任务”静息态功能神经成像来实现。前者阐明了行为衰退的物质基础，后者则为功能性脑网络如何随年龄变化提供了关键见解。然而，至关重要的是，两者都无法捕捉特定认知过程发生时的大脑活动。相比之下，基于任务的功能成像能够直接探究衰老如何影响从感知到高阶认知的任何认知领域中的实时脑-行为关联。在此，我们概述了基于任务的功能神经成像为何必须成为核心，以便更好地理解认知衰老的神经基础。相应地，我们勾勒了一个多模态、行为优先的研究框架，该框架基于认知实验构建，并强调理论和纵向设计的重要性。