Bagheri Hashkavayi Ayemeh, Alizadeh Abdolhossein, Chun Honggu
Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina- Chapel Hill, 1112 Murray Hall, CB#3050, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-2100, USA.
Department of Chemical Industry, Bushehr Branch, Technical and Vocational University, Bushehr, Iran.
Anal Chim Acta. 2025 Jan 22;1336:343277. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.343277. Epub 2024 Sep 26.
Glycosylation, the intricate process of adding carbohydrate motifs to proteins, lipids, and exosomes on the cell surface, is crucial for both physiological and pathological mechanisms. Alterations in glycans significantly affect cancer cell metastasis by mediating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. The subtle changes in glycosylation during malignant transformations highlight the importance of analyzing cell and exosome surface glycosylation for prognostic and early treatment strategies in cancer. This review focuses on recent advancements in sensors for detecting surface glycans on cancer cells, exosomes, and circulating cancer-derived glycoproteins. Among various methods, electrochemical biosensors stand out as a promising tool, offering rapid and cost-effective glycan detection. These devices detect glycan interactions by measuring changes in electrical signals resulting from specific binding events. Techniques such as differential pulse voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy, and chrono amperometry are commonly employed for glycan detection using electrochemical biosensors. Researchers are exploring novel electrode materials and surface functionalization strategies to enhance sensor performance. Notably, selective binding probes such as lectins, aptamers, antibodies, and boronic acids are discussed, with lectins being the most prevalent for specific glycan analysis. By highlighting the significance of electrochemical techniques, emphasizing the role of selective binding probes, integrating microfluidics and miniaturized devices could lead to point-of-care applications for cancer diagnosis and monitoring. This review aims to provide valuable insights for researchers and clinicians working in the field of cancer glycomics.
糖基化是一个复杂的过程，即向细胞表面的蛋白质、脂质和外泌体添加碳水化合物基序，对生理和病理机制都至关重要。聚糖的改变通过介导细胞间和细胞与基质的相互作用，显著影响癌细胞转移。恶性转化过程中糖基化的细微变化凸显了分析细胞和外泌体表面糖基化对于癌症预后和早期治疗策略的重要性。本综述重点关注用于检测癌细胞、外泌体和循环肿瘤来源糖蛋白表面聚糖的传感器的最新进展。在各种方法中，电化学生物传感器作为一种有前途的工具脱颖而出，可提供快速且经济高效的聚糖检测。这些设备通过测量特定结合事件引起的电信号变化来检测聚糖相互作用。差分脉冲伏安法、阻抗谱和计时电流法等技术通常用于电化学生物传感器的聚糖检测。研究人员正在探索新型电极材料和表面功能化策略以提高传感器性能。值得注意的是，讨论了凝集素、适体、抗体和硼酸等选择性结合探针，其中凝集素在特定聚糖分析中最为普遍。通过强调电化学技术的重要性，强调选择性结合探针的作用，整合微流控和小型化设备可实现癌症诊断和监测的即时检测应用。本综述旨在为癌症糖组学领域的研究人员和临床医生提供有价值的见解。
